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人教版初二上冊(cè)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)
在日復(fù)一日的學(xué)習(xí)中，是不是聽到知識(shí)點(diǎn)，就立刻清醒了？知識(shí)點(diǎn)也不一定都是文字，數(shù)學(xué)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)除了定義，同樣重要的公式也可以理解為知識(shí)點(diǎn)。為了幫助大家掌握重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)，下面是小編精心整理的人教版初二上冊(cè)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)，歡迎大家分享。
初二上冊(cè)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)1
【重點(diǎn)短語】
1. have a soccer game進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)足球賽
2. fall ill病倒了
3. be a little far from…離……有點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)
4. right away = at once立刻;馬上
5. miss a good chance錯(cuò)過一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)
6. get/miss a goal得到/失去一分
7. shame on sb.為某人感到羞恥
8. do one’s best盡某人的力
9. say sorry to sb.對(duì)某人說抱歉
10. be sure to do sth.確定做某事
11. be angry with…生某人的氣
12. with one’s help= with the help of sb.在某人的幫助下
13. serve food上菜
14. turn up/down…調(diào)高/低(音量)
15. keep sb. doing sth.讓某人一直做某事
16. in a minute一分鐘后;馬上
17. on the phone在電話中
18. take a seat就坐
19. never mind不要緊
20. a lot of traveling一系列旅行
初二上冊(cè)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)2
句子成分和類型
1.主語：句子所陳述的對(duì)象。
2.謂語：主語發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。一般是有動(dòng)作意義的動(dòng)詞。
3.賓語：分為動(dòng)詞賓語和介詞賓語，屬于動(dòng)作的承受者。
4.系動(dòng)詞：表示狀態(tài)或狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞，沒有實(shí)際的動(dòng)作意義。如be，感官系動(dòng)詞(look，sound，smell，taste和feel)、保持類系動(dòng)詞(keep，stay和remain)、狀態(tài)變化類系動(dòng)詞(become、get、turn和go)等。
5.表語：緊跟系動(dòng)詞后面的成分。
6.定語：修飾名詞或代詞的成分。
7.狀語：修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或句子的成分。
8.補(bǔ)語：分為賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語。是對(duì)賓語和主語的補(bǔ)充說明，與其有主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)的邏輯關(guān)系。
例如：You should keep the room clean and tidy.
你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。
(You是主語，should keep是謂語，the room是賓語，clean and tidy是賓語補(bǔ)足語。)
This kind of food tastes delicious.
這種食物吃起來很可口。
(This kind of food是主語，tastes是系動(dòng)詞，delicious是表語。)
注意：主語、謂語、賓語、系動(dòng)詞、表語、補(bǔ)語是一個(gè)句子的主干成分;定語和狀語是一個(gè)句子的修飾性成分，不是主干成分。
9.簡單句的基本形式是由一個(gè)主語加一個(gè)謂語構(gòu)成。
10.復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。
11.兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句”。
一般疑問句
一、不用疑問詞，但需要用yes或no回答的疑問句，叫一般疑問句。句末用問號(hào)“?”。
一般疑問句的基本用法及結(jié)構(gòu)一般疑問句用于對(duì)某一情況提出疑問，通常可用yes和no來回答，讀時(shí)用升調(diào)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“be / have /助動(dòng)詞+主語+謂語(表語)”：
Is he interested in going?他有興趣去嗎?
Have you ever been to Japan?你到過日本嗎?
Does she often have colds?她常常感冒嗎?
Did you ask her which to buy?你問沒問她該買哪一個(gè)?
二、陳述句變一般疑問句的方法
1.動(dòng)詞be的疑問式：動(dòng)詞be根據(jù)不同的時(shí)態(tài)和人稱可以有am，is，are，was，were等不同形式，可用作連系動(dòng)詞(表示“是”、“在”等)和助動(dòng)詞(用于構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)等)，但不管何種情況，構(gòu)成疑問式時(shí)，一律將動(dòng)詞be的適當(dāng)形式置于句首：句型：Be動(dòng)詞+主語～?
Is your father angry?你父親生氣了嗎?
Yes，he is.是的，他生氣了。
No，he isn"t.不，他沒生氣。
Were the babies crying last night?(進(jìn)行時(shí))
昨天晚上這些孩子們一直在哭嗎?
Yes，they were.是的，他們?cè)诳蕖?/p>
No，they weren"t.不，他們沒哭。
Is English spoken all over the world?(被動(dòng)語態(tài))
全世界都說英語嗎?
Yes，it is.是的。
No，it isn"t.不。
2.動(dòng)詞have的疑問式：動(dòng)詞have根據(jù)不同的時(shí)態(tài)和人稱可以有have，has，had等形式，可以用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞，分以下情況討論：
①用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)，如表示擁有、患病或用于have to表示“必須”等，在構(gòu)成構(gòu)成式時(shí)可以直接將have，has，had置于句首，也可根據(jù)情況在句首使用do，does，did：
Does he have [Has he] anything to say?他有什么話要說嗎?
Do you have [Have you] to leave so soon?你必須這么早走嗎?
Did you have [Had you] any friends then?他當(dāng)時(shí)有朋友嗎?
�、谟米鲗�(shí)意動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作，如表示“吃(=eat)”、“喝(=drink)”、“拿(=take)”、“收到(=receive)”、“度過(=spend)”等，構(gòu)成疑問式時(shí)不能將have提前至句首，而應(yīng)在句首使用do，does，did：
Does he have breakfast at home?他在家吃早餐嗎?
Did you have a good time at the party?你在晚會(huì)上玩得高興嗎?
�、弁瓿蓵r(shí)的一般疑問句
句型：Have(Has)+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+～?
Have you known her since your childhood?
你從童年就認(rèn)識(shí)她嗎?
Yes，I have.是的。
No，I haven"t.不。
過去完成時(shí)的一般疑問句
句型：Had +主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+～?
Had he learned about two thousand English
words before he came here?
他來這里以前就已經(jīng)學(xué)了大約兩千個(gè)單詞了嗎?
Yes，he had.是的。
No，he hadn"t.不。
3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問式通常是將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于句首：
句型：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語+動(dòng)詞原形～?
Can you bring me some apples?
你能給我拿來些蘋果嗎?
Yes，I can.是的，可以。
No，I can"t.不，不可以。
Can you speak English?你會(huì)說英語嗎?
Must I finish the work at once?我必須馬上完成工作嗎?
4.實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的疑問式：一般實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的疑問式，通常應(yīng)根據(jù)不同時(shí)態(tài)和人稱在句首加助動(dòng)詞do，does，did等：
句型：Do(Does，Did)+主語+動(dòng)詞原形～?
Do you go to school every day?你每天都上學(xué)嗎?
Does the boy like dancing?這男孩喜歡唱歌嗎?
Did you see the film last night?你昨晚看了這部電影嗎?
Did he do morning exercises yesterday?
昨天他做早操了嗎?
Yes，he did.是的，他做了。
No，he didn"t.不，他沒做。
特殊疑問句
用疑問詞引導(dǎo)的疑問句叫做特殊疑問句�；卮鹛厥庖蓡柧鋾r(shí)不能用yes或no。用降調(diào)。為了便于理解、掌握特殊疑問句，我們把疑問詞分為三類：
疑問代詞：what，who，Which，whose，whom
疑問副詞：when，where，why，how
疑問形容詞：what(which，whose)+名詞
一、疑問代詞的用法
1.what引導(dǎo)的疑問句
此類疑問句可以對(duì)主語、表語和賓語提問。
A.對(duì)主語提問
What is in your pocket?
你口袋里有什么?
這個(gè)問題可以有兩種回答：
a：There is an egg in it.
在口袋里有一個(gè)蛋。
b：An egg is(in it).
一個(gè)蛋(在里面)。
There are a lot of chairs in it.
=A 1ot of chairs are in it.有許多椅子。
注意
回答此句型的問題時(shí)，答句的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。
B.對(duì)賓語提問
What did you buy?你買了什么?
C.對(duì)表語提問
What is this?這是什么?
It"s a bench.這是一條長凳。
What is your mother?你媽媽是干什么的?
2.Who，whom，whose引導(dǎo)的疑問句
此類疑問句可以對(duì)主語、表語和賓語提問。
Who broke the window?(對(duì)主語提問)
誰打破了窗戶?
who可以對(duì)主語和表語提問。whom是who的賓格，對(duì)賓語提問，但在口語中who可以代替whom。
Li Ming did.李明打破的。
Who is that woman?(對(duì)表語提問)
那個(gè)女人是誰?
She is my mother.她是我媽媽。(關(guān)系)
或者：She is Rose.她是羅思。(姓名)
二、疑問形容詞的用法
what，which，whose后面跟上名詞時(shí)，這三個(gè)疑問詞起形容詞作用。
What sports do you like?(對(duì)賓語提問)
你喜歡什么運(yùn)動(dòng)?
I like basketball.我喜歡籃球。
Whose pens are these?(對(duì)表語提問)
這些是誰的鋼筆?
They are Li Ming"s.這些是李明的。
Whose father died two years ago?(對(duì)主語提問)
兩年前誰的父親死了?
Which picture did you take?(對(duì)賓語提問)
哪一張照片是你拍的?
I took the one on the right.
右邊的那一張是我拍的。
三、疑問副詞的用法
句型：疑問副詞+一般疑問句的語序～?
(疑問副詞在句中作狀語，所以它們不可能對(duì)主語提問)
when引導(dǎo)的疑問句：詢問時(shí)間
When were you born?你何時(shí)出生?
(I was born)on June 5，1962.
我是1962年6月5日出生的。
初二上冊(cè)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)3
一、 v+ do
1. Let sb do sth讓某人做某事
Let sb not do sth讓某人不做某事
2.why not do sth = why don’t you do sth做什么怎么樣為什么不做?
Why not put on a raincoat，its raining outside.外面在下雨，為什么不穿個(gè)雨衣呢?
3. Make sb do sth使某人做某事
I will do my best to make my dream come true.我會(huì)盡我所能去使我的夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)。
Make sb + adj使某人………..
The story makes us happy。
二、v+ doing
1. practice doing sth練習(xí)做某事our English teacher told us to practice speaking English
every day。英語老師叫我們每天練習(xí)說英語。
2. finish doing sth完成做某事my mum asks me to finishing cleaning up my room before
she come from work。媽媽要求我在她下班回來之前打掃干凈我的房間。
3. Enjoy doing sth享受做某事
The boys are enjoying playing basketball孩子們正在操場(chǎng)上享受打籃球。
4. stand doing sth忍受做某事她不能忍受欺騙他人
5. mind doing sth介意做某事?你介意開門嗎?
6. keep doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事
She will keep fighting in this new semester.在新學(xué)期，她將繼續(xù)努力奮斗
7. miss想念I(lǐng) miss you very much
Miss sth錯(cuò)過………….he got up late this morning，so he missed the bus
Miss doing sth錯(cuò)過做某事。He missed having the class，because he got up late。
8. Sb spend time with sb與某人共度時(shí)間
I spend the weekend with my grandparents。
Sb spend (time/ money)某人在某事花費(fèi)時(shí)間，金錢
Sb spend (time/money)(in)doing sth某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間、金錢做某事(人作主語)
I spent two hours (in)reading the novel last night.
It takes sb (time/ money)某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間，金錢(it作主語)
It took me two hours to read the novel last night。
Sb pay sth money= pay money for sth為………..付多少錢。 (人作主語)
I paid ten dollars for that book
Sth cost sb money某物花費(fèi)某人多少錢(物作主語)
That book cost me ten dollars。
9.succeed in doing sth成功做某事
He succeeds in giving up the smoking他成功地戒了煙。
10. play a role in doing sth發(fā)揮作用，有影響
computers play a role in people’s life計(jì)算機(jī)在人們的生活中發(fā)揮作用。
11. Have fun (in)doing sth玩得高興
They had fun playing basketball.他們打籃球玩得很高興。
12. be good at doing/ sth擅長she is very good at dancing。他擅長跳舞
13. be talented in doing sth/ sth在某方面有天賦
she is talented in drawing。她在畫畫方面有天賦
三、v+ to do
1. it"s a good/ great way to do sth做....的好方法.
He likes joining some activities because it’s a good way to make friends他喜歡參加一些活
動(dòng)，因?yàn)檫@是交朋友的好方式。
The best way to do sth做某事的方式
I think the best way to learn English is through English。學(xué)英語的方式就是朗讀。
2. It’s one’s first time to do sth第一次做某事
It’s my first time to speak English with foreigners.這是我第一次和外國人說英語。
3. want to do sth = would like to do sth想做某事
4. decide to do sth決定做某事
He decides to have a travel in this winter vacation.他決定在這個(gè)寒假去旅行。
5. be determined to do sth下定決心做某事
She determined to get good grades in this final examination.她下定決心要在這次的期末
考試中取得好成績。
6. Invite sb to do sth邀請(qǐng)某人做某事
He didn’t invite me to have dinner with them他沒有邀請(qǐng)我和他們共進(jìn)晚餐。
Invite sb to a place邀請(qǐng)某人到某處
He wants to invite the girl to his birthday party。他想邀請(qǐng)那個(gè)女孩參加他的生日宴會(huì)。
7. help sb(to)do sth= help(sb)with sth幫助某人做某事
he helped me with my English。= he helped me to study English.
8. order sb to do sth命令某人做某事
the boss ordered him to finish the work before 5 o’clock老板命令他五點(diǎn)之前完成工作
9. plan to do sth計(jì)劃做某事
I plan to have a vacation in this summer我計(jì)劃這個(gè)暑假去度假
10. choose to do sth選擇做某事
He chooses to stay at home because of the cold weather.因?yàn)楹涞奶鞖猓x擇呆在家里。
11. Do one’s best to do sth = try one’s best to do sth盡某人做大努力做某事
I will try my best to make my dream come true.
12. Need to do sth需要做某事
She needs to wash her dirty clothes now�，F(xiàn)在她需要去洗她的臟衣服。
13. be ready to do sth準(zhǔn)備好做某事She is ready to go out她準(zhǔn)備好出去了。
14. seem +形容詞看起來….. You seem happy today.你看起來很高興
seem + to do sth.似乎、好像做某事I seem to have a cold我似乎感冒了。
15. tell sb. to do sth.告訴某人做某事
Her mum tells her to sleep early.她的媽媽告訴她早睡。
Tell sb not to sth告訴某人不要做某事
請(qǐng)告訴她不要去爬樹
16. expect to do sth期待做某事
她期待下周去香港。
17. wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事
I wish you to be good.我希望你好好的。
Hope to do sth希望做某事
I hope to have a good job in the future.我希望將來有一份好工作。
18. it’s + adj for sb to do sth做某件事對(duì)某人來說怎么樣
It’s good for you to sleep early.早睡對(duì)你有好處。
四、v+ to do/ doing
1. try to do sth盡量做某事，努力做某事he tries to finish his homework
Try not to do sth盡量不做某事he tries not to hurt his friends’ feelings。
Try doing sth嘗試做某事。 He tried washing his hair with a new shampoo。
2. mean to do sth有意做某事I didn’t mean to hurt you我不是有意傷害你的。
Mean doing sth意味著、being good to her doesn’t mean loving her對(duì)她好并不意
味著愛她。
3. start doing sth.開始做某事= start to do sth (begin)
He usually starts cooking at 6 in the evening when his mother is not at home.當(dāng)他媽媽不在家
時(shí)，他通常在晚上6點(diǎn)鐘就開始做飯。
4.停止做某事the teacher is coming，lets stop talking.停下來做某事if you are tired, you can stop to rest.
初二上冊(cè)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)4
Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?
一、重要短語歸納
1.go on vacation去度假 2.stay at home待在家里
3.go to the mountains去爬山 4.go to the beach去海灘
5.visit museum參觀博物館 6.go to summer camp去參觀夏令營
7.quite a few相當(dāng)多 8.study for為……而學(xué)習(xí)
9.go out出去 10.most of the time大部分時(shí)間
11.taste good嘗起來很好吃 12.come up出來,發(fā)生
13.of course當(dāng)然 14.feel like給……的感覺;感受到
15.go shopping去購物 16.in the past在過去
17.walk around四處走走 18.because of因?yàn)?/p>
19.one bowl of… 一碗…… 20.the next day第二天
21.drink tea喝茶 22.find out找出;查明
23.go on繼續(xù) 24.take photos照相
25.something important重要的事 26.up and down上上下下
27.have a good time玩得高興=enjoy oneself=have great fun
二、語法專項(xiàng)
1.復(fù)合不定代詞
�、俣x
a)復(fù)合不定代詞由some; any; no; every和body; thing; one構(gòu)成的合成詞。
即：復(fù)合不定代詞：something, somebody, someone;anything,anybody, anyone，nothing, nobody, no one; everything, everybody, everyone
b) 它們?cè)诰渲锌捎米髦髡Z、賓語或表語，但不能用作定語。 ②用法
(1) 受定語修飾時(shí)，定語應(yīng)置于其后。
如：Tell us something interesting. 給我們講點(diǎn)有趣的事。 There was nobody tired. 沒有一個(gè)人很累。
There is nothing to eat.這里沒有吃的東西。
(2)指人的復(fù)合不定代詞若用作主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)，相應(yīng)的人稱代詞和物主代詞也用單數(shù) he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文體中常用復(fù)數(shù)代詞 they, them, their.
如：If anybody /anyone comes, ask him /them to wait. 要是有人來，讓他等著。
(3)anyone, everyone, someone, no one: a)只能指人，不能指物; b)且其后一般不接of 短語。
c)若是指物或后接 of 短語，可用 any one, every one (即分開寫)。 ③考點(diǎn)要求
(1)自身的意義以及對(duì)句式的要求：構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞的兩個(gè)部分分別表示不同的意義和對(duì)句式的要求以及考慮其表人還是表物。 body用來表人;thing用來表物;one既可表人也可表物。 some表示“某”，用于肯定陳述句或用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的問句中; any表示“某”，用于否定句或問句;
no表示“沒有”，用于肯定句說明否定意義;
every表示“每一”，用于肯定句或問句。
(2)主謂一致性關(guān)系：復(fù)合不定代詞任何時(shí)候都看為單數(shù)，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
如：錯(cuò)：Everybody in our class are interested in English. 對(duì)：Everybody in our class is interested in English.
(3)定語后置關(guān)系：對(duì)復(fù)合不定代詞進(jìn)行修飾的詞語必須后置放在它的后面。
如：錯(cuò)：I have important something to tell you.
對(duì)：I have something important to tell you.
(4)none和其它復(fù)合不定代詞的用法區(qū)別：none在句中不能單獨(dú)作主語，但可同of連用帶名詞一起作主語;
其它復(fù)合不定代詞可單獨(dú)作主語，但不能同of連用。
如：錯(cuò)：He is new here, so none knows him.
對(duì)：He is new here, so no one knows him.
錯(cuò)：Nobody of them has been to England before.
對(duì)：None of them has been to England before..
(5)代換復(fù)合不定代詞的人稱代詞：在使用人稱代詞代換復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮其表人還是表物。表人時(shí)，用they代換;表物時(shí)，用it代換。
如：Something is wrong with your computer, isn’t it? Nobody has been there before, have they?
2.一般過去時(shí)的規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞
1)規(guī)則變化
�、僦苯蛹觘d：work-- worked
�、谝詄結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加d：live ---lived
�、垡暂o音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed：study---studied ④以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的，直接加ed：enjoy ---enjoyed ⑤以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，雙寫最后的輔音字母+ed：
stop---stopped
2)不規(guī)則變化
初二上冊(cè)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)5
1. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花費(fèi)某人某些時(shí)間去做某事，例如：
It takes me twenty minutes to get to school on foot every morning.每天早晨我步行到學(xué)校要花費(fèi)二十分鐘。
It will take three hours to finish the work.完成那項(xiàng)工作需要花費(fèi)三個(gè)小時(shí)。
2.depend v. 依靠，依賴depend(常與on, upon連用)視情況而定
It all depends on how you tackle the problem.那要看你如何應(yīng)付這問題而定。
Children must depend on their parents.孩子們必須依賴他們的父母
3.How do you get to/reach/arrive at school? 你怎樣到達(dá)學(xué)校？
I ride to school./ I get to school by bike.騎車
I take a bus to school. / I get to school by bus.做公共汽車
I take the subway to get to school./I get to school by subway.坐地鐵
I walk./ I get to scool on foot 走著去
4 .on/in+修飾詞(形容詞性物主代詞；名詞所有格；冠同等)+交通工具，強(qiáng)調(diào)乘坐某種交通工具。For example:
Jack goes to school on his bike.杰克騎車去學(xué)校
Mr. Green goes to work in his car every day. 格林先生每天開車去上班
5. How does Lucy go to school?(單三)路西怎么去學(xué)校？
She rides her bike. 她騎車去
6. How long does it take?那要花多長時(shí)間？
It takes twenty minutes. 花20分鐘
7 .How long does it take them to get to the bus station?到汽車站得多久？
It takes them about two hours to get to the bus station.用了他們兩個(gè)小時(shí)
8. How far is it from his home to school? 從家到學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)？
It is five miles. 五英里
9. We waited at the bus stop. 我們?cè)诠财囌镜?車)。
10.The old man lives on a small pension.老人靠一小筆退休金生活。
11. Ive never heard of anyone doing that. 我從未聽說有人做那種事。
12. A town is bigger than a village but smaller than a city. town通常指“城鎮(zhèn)、集鎮(zhèn)、小鎮(zhèn)”，對(duì)應(yīng)于country/countryside.有時(shí)指城市里的鬧市區(qū)或商業(yè)中心。
13. until用于肯定句中，表示動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到until所表示的時(shí)間為止。
I will wait here until the concert is over.我將一直在這兒等到音樂會(huì)結(jié)束。
14. not…until用于否定句中，表示動(dòng)作的轉(zhuǎn)折。意思為“直到……才”
主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是表示瞬間(終止性的)動(dòng)作的詞。
She cant leave until Friday.在星期五之前她不能離開
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