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2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷）
語 文
�。ㄟm用省份：山東、河北、湖北、福建、湖南、廣東、江蘇，浙江）
一、現(xiàn)代文閱讀（35分）
�。ㄒ唬┈F(xiàn)代文閱讀1（本題共5小題，19分）
閱讀下列文字，完成下面小題。
材料一：
�。ㄋ奈澹┲袊闪觿莸狡胶獾絻�(yōu)勢，日本由優(yōu)勢到平衡到劣勢，中國由防御到相持到反攻，日本由進攻到保守到退卻——這就是中日戰(zhàn)爭的過程，中日戰(zhàn)爭的必然趨勢。
（四六）于是問題和結(jié)論是：中國會亡嗎？答復(fù)：不會亡，最后勝利是中國的。中國能夠速勝嗎？答復(fù)：不能速勝，必須是持久戰(zhàn)。這個結(jié)論是正確的嗎？我以為是正確的。
�。ㄋ钠撸┲v到這里，亡國論和妥協(xié)論者又將跑出來說：中國由劣勢到平衡，需要有同日本相等的軍力和經(jīng)濟力；由平衡到優(yōu)勢，需要有超過日本的軍力和經(jīng)濟力；然而這是不可能的，因此上述結(jié)論是不正確的。
（四八）這就是所謂“唯武器論”，是戰(zhàn)爭問題中的機械論，是主觀地和片面地看問題的意見。我們的意見與此相反，不但看到武器，而且看到人力。武器是戰(zhàn)爭的重要的因素，但不是決定的因素，決定的因素是人不是物。
力量對比不但是軍力和經(jīng)濟力的對比，而且是人力和人心的對比。軍力和經(jīng)濟力是要人去掌握的。如果中國人的大多數(shù)、日本人的大多數(shù)、世界各國人的大多數(shù)是站在抗日戰(zhàn)爭方面的話，那末，日本少數(shù)人強制地掌握著的軍力和經(jīng)濟力，還能算是優(yōu)勢嗎？它不是優(yōu)勢，那么，掌握比較劣勢的軍力和經(jīng)濟力的中國，不就成了優(yōu)勢嗎？沒有疑義，中國只要堅持抗戰(zhàn)和堅持統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線，其軍力和經(jīng)濟力是能夠逐漸地加強的。而我們的敵人，經(jīng)過長期戰(zhàn)爭和內(nèi)外矛盾的削弱，其軍力和經(jīng)濟力又必然要起相反的變化。在這種情況下，難道中國也不能變成優(yōu)勢嗎？還不止此，目前我們不能把別國的軍力和經(jīng)濟力大量地公開地算作自己方面的力量，難道將來也不能嗎？如果日本的敵人不止中國一個，如果將來有一國或幾國以其相當(dāng)大量的軍力和經(jīng)濟力公開地防御或攻擊日本，公開地援助我們，那末，優(yōu)勢不更在我們一方面嗎？日本是小國，其戰(zhàn)爭是退步的和野蠻的，其國際地位將益處于孤立；中國是大國，其戰(zhàn)爭是進步的和正義的，其國際地位將益處于多助。所有這些，經(jīng)過長期發(fā)展，難道還不能使敵我優(yōu)劣的形勢確定地發(fā)生變化嗎？
（摘自毛澤東《論持久戰(zhàn)》）
材料二：
1938年5月，毛澤東發(fā)表著名的《論持久戰(zhàn)》，系統(tǒng)闡述了關(guān)于持久戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)略思想。
首先，毛澤東分析了中國實施持久戰(zhàn)的外部原因。他說：“中日戰(zhàn)爭不是任何別的戰(zhàn)爭，乃是半殖民地半封建的中國和帝國主義的日本之間在二十世紀(jì)三十年代進行的一個決死的戰(zhàn)爭�！彼信e了中日雙方“互相反對”的四個特點。除戰(zhàn)爭的正義、非正義，以及與此相關(guān)的寡助、多助問題外，他特別強調(diào)了敵強我弱和敵小我大的問題。日本的強，表現(xiàn)在它的軍力、經(jīng)濟力和政治組織力，這就決定了中國的抗日戰(zhàn)爭不能很快取得勝利。日本的小，表現(xiàn)在國度小，其人力、軍力、財力、物力均經(jīng)不起長期戰(zhàn)爭的消耗，這就決定了中國可以通過持久戰(zhàn)而最終打敗日本。
其次，毛澤東分析了中國實施持久戰(zhàn)的內(nèi)部條件。這個條件是什么？簡單地說，就是把已經(jīng)發(fā)動的抗戰(zhàn)發(fā)展為全面的全民族的抗戰(zhàn)。毛澤東以“兵民是勝利之本”為標(biāo)題，專門論述了全面抗戰(zhàn)和全民族抗戰(zhàn)的觀點。關(guān)于軍隊，他強調(diào)要把政治精神貫注于軍隊之中，這樣才能激發(fā)官兵最大限度的抗戰(zhàn)熱忱。關(guān)于民眾，他提出“戰(zhàn)爭的偉力之最深厚的根源，存在于民眾之中”。共產(chǎn)黨一直把“放手發(fā)動群眾，壯大人民力量”作為自己的抗戰(zhàn)路線，人民戰(zhàn)爭理論的科學(xué)性也得到了廣泛印證。
以毛澤東為首的中國共產(chǎn)黨人，不僅提出了抗日持久戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)略，而且具體闡釋了實施抗日持久戰(zhàn)的方法。毛澤東指出，在中國大而弱、日本小而強的情況下敵人可以占地甚廣，卻在占領(lǐng)地留下很多空虛的地方，“因此抗日游擊戰(zhàn)爭就主要地不是在內(nèi)線配合正規(guī)軍的戰(zhàn)役作戰(zhàn)，而是在外線單獨作戰(zhàn)”。毛澤東還具體分析了游擊戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)略內(nèi)容、游擊戰(zhàn)與正規(guī)戰(zhàn)的配合等問題。在這一思想指導(dǎo)下，共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的軍隊在敵后廣泛展開游擊戰(zhàn)爭，卓有成效地牽制與消耗日軍，發(fā)揮了巨大戰(zhàn)略作用。
有一種說法，認(rèn)為抗日持久戰(zhàn)的思想不是毛澤東最早提出的。這種說法主要依據(jù)蔣百里、陳誠等人的言論，蔣介石也有過“持久消耗戰(zhàn)”的言論。這種認(rèn)識都源于一個客觀存在，即中國是一個落后大國，日本是一個先進小國。承認(rèn)這個客觀存在的人，并不需要特別的先見之明，就會得出中日戰(zhàn)爭將是持久戰(zhàn)的結(jié)論。
但是，僅僅看到由客觀條件造成的抗日戰(zhàn)爭的持久性，還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不是抗日持久戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)略思想。蔣介石等人缺乏對中國與世界關(guān)系以及世界格局演變的辯證思考，因此他們對所謂“持久”的把握往往脫離實際，盲目地寄希望于西方國家的調(diào)�；蚋深A(yù)。而中國共產(chǎn)黨的持久戰(zhàn)思想，是建立在對與戰(zhàn)爭相關(guān)的一切外部與內(nèi)部復(fù)雜因素進行深刻分析的基礎(chǔ)之上的，對于戰(zhàn)爭不同階段的關(guān)系、戰(zhàn)略持久與戰(zhàn)役速決的關(guān)系等，都有完整的科學(xué)分析。因此它的持久戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)略，既不會因為一時順利而幻想“速勝”，也不會因為一時挫折而失去必勝的信心。
�。ㄕ幾詷s維木《中國共產(chǎn)黨抗日持久戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)略與實踐》）
1. 下列對材料相關(guān)內(nèi)容的理解和分析，不正確的一項是（ ）
A. 《論持久戰(zhàn)》在分析抗戰(zhàn)走勢時，并未局限于中日兩國，而是展現(xiàn)出對世界整體局勢變化的.宏觀把握。
B. 落后大國面對先進小國的侵略，不可能速勝，必然要經(jīng)歷由劣勢到平衡、由平衡到優(yōu)勢的持久戰(zhàn)爭過程。
C. “不但看到武器，而且看到人力”，指在承認(rèn)軍力和經(jīng)濟力差距的前提下，相信人力和人心才是勝利之本。
D. 中國共產(chǎn)黨抗日持久戰(zhàn)思想不只體現(xiàn)在判斷抗戰(zhàn)將會長久，更體現(xiàn)在對戰(zhàn)爭走向作出了全面科學(xué)的分析。
2. 根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容，下列說法不正確的一項是（ ）
A. 日本軍力和經(jīng)濟力并不占優(yōu)勢，因為它們僅僅掌握在日本少數(shù)人的手中。
B. 抗日游擊戰(zhàn)要更多承擔(dān)外線單獨作戰(zhàn)的任務(wù)，這是當(dāng)時戰(zhàn)爭的客觀形勢決定的。
C. 抗戰(zhàn)整體進程是持久的，不過具體到某一場戰(zhàn)役，也可根據(jù)實際情況速戰(zhàn)速決。
D. 中國共產(chǎn)黨提出的抗日持久戰(zhàn)相信得道多助，也愿意接受國際力量的援助。
3. 下列選項符合材料二中實施持久戰(zhàn)的“內(nèi)部條件”的一項是（ ）
A. 敵雖強，但敵之強已為其他不利的因素所減殺。
B. 除東三省等地外，敵人實際只能占領(lǐng)大城市、大道和某些平地。
C. 中國的短處是戰(zhàn)爭力量之弱，而其長處則在其戰(zhàn)爭本質(zhì)的進步性和正義性。
D. 動員了全國的老百姓，就造成了陷敵于滅頂之災(zāi)的汪洋大海。
4. 材料一多處使用了設(shè)問句和反問句，請簡要分析其論證效果。
（二）現(xiàn)代文閱讀Ⅱ（本題共4小題，16分）
閱讀下面的文字，完成下面小題。
放牛記
徐則臣
我現(xiàn)在想不起我何時開始了放牛娃的生涯，又在哪一天徹底結(jié)束了這種生活。我很小就羨慕那些吆喝牛馬的孩子，覺得他們是豪放粗獷的英雄。而我只是個溫順的可憐蟲，總是衣褲整齊，指甲干凈，不剃光頭，站在他們身邊像個走親戚的陌生人。我想和他們一樣，只穿一條小褲衩，光著上身和腳，曬成黑鐵蛋，坐在光溜溜的水牛背上揮舞自制的長鞭，雄赳赳氣昂昂向野地里進發(fā)。能夠大喊大叫，可以隨地撒尿，無視課堂和作業(yè)，遇到仇人要打的架一個都不落下，輕易就能滾出來一身泥。我想當(dāng)個野孩子，所以，很早我就慫恿父親買一頭牛。
我家的確需要一頭牛。父親是醫(yī)生，農(nóng)忙時經(jīng)常搭不上手；祖父祖母年紀(jì)大了，體力活兒也幫不上忙；我和姐姐都小，還要念書；十畝田都要母親一個人對付，運糧食時都沒個幫手。父親決定買牛，哪怕只用來拉車。
買牛的那天我記得，你能想象我的激動。在下午，我和父親去兩里外的鄰村牽牛，已經(jīng)提前談好了價。在鄰村的中心路邊，我頭一次見到鋸木廠，在一間大屋里，電鋸沖開木料的聲音在午后的熱空氣里格外尖利，幾乎能看見那聲音在閃耀著銀光。我停下來看陰影里的鋸木廠，橫七豎八堆滿了木料，新鮮的木頭味道和鋸末一起飛濺出來。
那頭小母牛還小，吃奶的時候還要哼哼唧唧地叫，長得憨厚天真，我很喜歡。主人是個中年男人，說：回去調(diào)教半年，就能干活。他給小牛結(jié)了一個簡單的轡頭，韁繩遞給我們，我們就把牛牽出了門。
小牛屁顛屁顛地跟著我們走，出了村才感覺不對，開始茫然地叫，表情如同迷途的小孩。一路仄著身子走，擰巴著被牽到我家。這一路走得我興奮又糾結(jié)，想牽不敢，摸它一下，摸完了趕緊撤，怕它踢。當(dāng)然后來我知道，再沒有比水牛更溫馴的動物了。
我經(jīng)歷了把一頭小牛訓(xùn)練成壯勞力的全過程。換轡頭，套車，駕轅，用聲音和韁繩指揮行止，扎鼻眼，犁地，耙地。幾年以后，我基本上成了老把式，可以一個人鍘草、套車、駕轅，運送滿滿一車的糧食走在窄路上。我知道它回頭看我是什么意思，知道它抬尾巴搖屁股想干什么。當(dāng)然，這對我來說是副產(chǎn)品，我想說的還是放牛。
在當(dāng)時，放牛部分地滿足了我的少年英雄夢，讓一個必須規(guī)整地生活的少年有了一個旁逸斜出的機會。就算現(xiàn)在，我也不認(rèn)為整天和一頭牛走在野地里是件苦嘰嘰的事，相反，我以為那是我少年時代最快樂的生活之一。
放牛都在夏天，放了暑假我才有時間。三伏天的午后太陽高懸，螞蟻都被曬蒙了，暈暈乎乎爬出的全是曲線；如果要去遠(yuǎn)處找水草豐茂的地方，那我就得早早地從午睡中爬起來，戴上草帽出門。我直犯困，遇到樹蔭就不想再動，尤其經(jīng)過河邊，看那些戲水的同伴，你真覺得放牛實在是個負(fù)擔(dān)。讓人煩的還有一個，大雨天。這不是放牛的好時候，但牛出不去你得出去，割草，干不干活你都得讓它每天吃飽；家里自也備了干草，只是大夏天的芳草萋萋，你不讓它吃新鮮的，不人道也不牛道。還是得穿雨衣戴斗笠挎籃子割草去。漫天雨霧，湯湯水水的野地里就你一個人，蹲在草叢里形同消失，像我這種動不動就悲觀的人，常常會覺得自己被這個世界遺棄了，那感覺也不太好。
不過這樣的時候畢竟少，英雄主義的少年時代總體上是樂觀向上的——放牛的確是件好玩的事。野地自由，有種無所事事的、透明的自然與放松。放牛通常是集體行動，幾個放牛娃排成隊伍往村外走，大家都坐在牛背上，屁股底下墊條麻袋。水牛走起來渾身都在動，騎牛更像坐轎子。后面的人打前面的牛屁股，一個跟著一個跑起來，六七頭牛，都在撅著屁股跑，那隊伍看起來很壯觀。牛一跑，大肚子就撲扇撲扇地抖，活像巨大的金魚腮在鼓鼓癟癟地呼吸。如果你是新手，最好抓住韁繩，夾緊兩腿，能抱住牛脖子更好，否則你隨時可能掉下去。有天黃昏，牧童晚歸，我騎在牛背上慢悠悠往家走，有人對著牛屁股猛的一巴掌，受了驚的牛撅起屁股就跑，我手里還抱著自己做的一根竹笛在專心地找音，連韁繩都沒抓，牛一屁股把我送到了右前方的水溝里，半個腦袋扎進了淤泥。
如果真要找一點和其他放牛娃的不同，可能就是我放牛經(jīng)常帶本書。很多武俠小說都是在墳地里看的。亂墳崗子里草好，把韁繩纏到牛角上讓它們自己吃去，我們找個形狀合適的墳堆，鋪上麻袋就著墳勢躺下來，翹起二郎腿。想睡覺的睡覺，想唱歌的唱歌，想發(fā)呆的發(fā)呆；我想看書，從兜里拽出一本武俠小說來。清風(fēng)徐來，頭頂有松樹遮陰，天上流云飛動，此時看武俠，幾等于塵囂皆忘，那一個白衣飄飄的俠義世界美不勝收——大虛乃是大實，大無中有大有。
放牛給了我一個幾近完美的少年時代，放松，自由，融入野地里，跟自然和大地曾經(jīng)如此貼近。我在放牛時沒能讓自己成為一個野孩子，或者說沒能成為我希望的那樣的野孩子，不知道這個結(jié)果是好還是壞。往事總在回憶時被賦予意義，在放牛這個經(jīng)歷上，我更愿意就事論事，返回到當(dāng)年的心境里，看一看當(dāng)時的悲歡和憂樂。
6. 下列對文本相關(guān)內(nèi)容和藝術(shù)特色的分析鑒賞，正確的一項是（ ）
A. 父親決定買牛，除了確屬生產(chǎn)需要，也想讓兒子跟其他孩子一起放牛，以改變他“像個走親戚的陌生人”那樣不合群的性格。
B. 作為一個曾經(jīng)的“老把式”，“我”卻認(rèn)為馭牛的諸般本領(lǐng)都只是“副產(chǎn)品”，只有放牛那種“旁逸斜出”的生活才是“我”最想談?wù)摰摹?/p>
C. 大雨天里為牛割草的情形，讓“我”意識到自己是一個“悲觀”之人，可見放牛生活對“我”思想意識的養(yǎng)成有著至關(guān)重要的意義。
D. 文中記述“我”在亂墳崗子里看武俠小說，是有意以環(huán)境的陰森怪異來映襯看武俠的樂趣，也凸顯出“塵囂皆忘”的讀書境界。
7. 關(guān)于文中鋸木廠這個段落，下列說法不正確的一項是（ ）
A. 買牛讓“我”格外激動，因此買牛那天的相關(guān)情景在“我”的記憶里依然生動鮮活。
B. 兩里外鄰村路邊的鋸木廠，對那時的“我”來說，儼然一個陌生而刺激的新天地。
C. 這個段落看似閑筆，實則以先抑后揚的手法來突出下文“我”的“興奮又糾結(jié)”。
D. 這段文字里彌漫著熱、聲、光影、氣味，營造出記憶中少年舊事那獨特的氣息。
8. 文章為何說“放牛給了我一個幾近完美的少年時代”？
9. 文末畫線的句子表明，作者不愿在回憶往事時為放�！百x予意義”。你認(rèn)為本文是否做到了這一點？請簡要說明。
二、古代詩文閱讀（35分）
�。ㄒ唬┪难晕拈喿x（本題共5小題，22分）
閱讀下面的文言文，完成下面小題。
材料一：
李廣有孫陵，為侍中，善騎射。帝以為有廣之風(fēng)，使教射酒泉、張掖以備胡。及貳師擊匈奴[注]，陵叩頭自請曰：“臣所將屯邊者，皆荊楚勇士奇材劍客也。愿得自當(dāng)一隊，到蘭干山南以分單于兵，毋令專鄉(xiāng)貳師軍。臣愿以少擊眾，步兵五千人涉單于庭�！鄙蠅讯S之。陵至�；�，與單于相值，騎可三萬圍陵軍。陵搏戰(zhàn)攻之，虜還走上山，漢軍追擊，殺數(shù)千人。單于大驚，召八萬余騎攻陵。陵軍步斗樹木間，復(fù)殺數(shù)千人。陵居谷中，虜在山上，四面射，矢如雨下。士卒多死，不得行。陵曰：“無面目報陛下！”遂降。上怒甚，群臣皆罪陵。上以問太史令司馬遷，遷盛言：“陵事親孝，與士信，常奮不顧身以徇國家之急，其素所畜積也，有國士之風(fēng)。且陵提步卒不滿五千，深蹂戎馬之地，抑?jǐn)?shù)萬之師。身雖陷敗，然其所摧敗亦足暴于天下。彼之不死，宜欲得當(dāng)以報漢也�！鄙弦赃w為誣罔，下遷腐刑。久之，上悔陵無救。上遣（公孫）敖深入匈奴迎李陵，敖軍無功還，因曰：“捕得生口，言李陵教單于為兵以備漢軍。”上于是族陵家。既而聞之，乃漢將降匈奴者李緒，非陵也。陵使人刺殺緒，大閼氏欲殺陵，單于匿之北方。大閼氏死，乃還。單于以女妻陵，立為右校王，與衛(wèi)律皆貴用事。衛(wèi)律常在單于左右；陵居外，有大事乃入議。（征和三年）三月，遣李廣利將七萬人出五原，擊匈奴。匈奴使大將與李陵將三萬余騎追漢軍，轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)九日。
�。ü�(jié)選自《資治通鑒·漢紀(jì)》）
材料二：
李陵之降也，罪較著而不可掩。如謂其孤軍支虜而無援，則以步卒五千出塞，陵自炫其勇，而非武帝命之不獲辭也。陵之族也，則嫁其禍于李緒；迨其后李廣利征匈奴，陵將三萬余騎追漢軍，轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)九日，亦將委罪于緒乎？如曰陵受單于之制，不得不追奔轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)者，匈奴豈伊無可信之人？令陵有兩袒之心，單于亦何能信陵而委以重兵，使深入而與漢將相持乎！遷之為陵文過若不及，而抑稱道李廣于不絕，以獎其世業(yè)。為將而降降而為之效死以戰(zhàn)雖欲浣滌其污而已緇之素不可復(fù)白。大節(jié)喪，則余無可浣也。李陵曰“思一得當(dāng)以報漢”，愧蘇武而為之辭也。其背逆也，固非遷之所得而文焉者也。
�。ü�(jié)選自王夫之《讀通鑒論》卷三）
[注]貳師，指漢代貳師將軍李廣利。
10. 材料中畫波浪線的部分有三處需要斷句，請用鉛筆將答題卡上相應(yīng)位置的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。
為將而降A(chǔ)降而為之B效死C以戰(zhàn)D雖欲浣E滌其污F而已G緇之素不可復(fù)白。
11. 下列對材料中加點的詞語及相關(guān)內(nèi)容的解說，不正確的一項是（ ）
A. 壯，認(rèn)為……豪壯，意動用法，與《老子》“不貴難得之貨”的“貴”用法相同。
B. 親，父母，可偏指父或母，與《孔雀東南飛》“我有親父兄”的“親”意思不相同。
C. “彼之不死”與《愛蓮說》“予獨愛蓮之出淤泥而不染”的“之”用法不相同。
D. 迨，等到，與《項脊軒志》“迨諸父異爨”的“迨”字意思相同。
12. 下列對材料有關(guān)內(nèi)容的概述，不正確的一項是（ ）
A. 李陵擅長騎馬射箭，受命在酒泉、張掖訓(xùn)練軍隊。李廣利出擊匈奴時，李陵請求以少擊眾，率五千步卒深入單于王庭，王夫之認(rèn)為這是“自炫其勇”。
B. 李陵遭遇單于三萬人馬，奮力作戰(zhàn)，單于震恐，召八萬人圍攻李陵，李陵率軍殺敵數(shù)千。對于李陵的戰(zhàn)功，司馬遷稱贊他雖敗猶榮，而王夫之則未置一詞。
C. 李陵投降后，武帝大怒，司馬遷竭力替李陵辯白。王夫之認(rèn)為，司馬遷這樣做的原因，是擔(dān)心如果不及時為李陵掩飾罪過，就會損害李廣的聲譽。
D. 武帝誤信李陵幫助匈奴訓(xùn)練軍隊，誅殺李陵家族，其實幫助匈奴的是李緒。王夫之認(rèn)為，即便滅族之禍可以歸罪于李緒，李陵的罪責(zé)也無可推卸。
13. 把材料中畫橫線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。
�。�1）愿得自當(dāng)一隊，到蘭干山南以分單于兵，毋令專鄉(xiāng)貳師軍。
（2）李陵曰“思一得當(dāng)以報漢”，愧蘇武而為之辭也。其背逆也，固非遷之所得而文焉者也。
14. 王夫之強調(diào)李陵“大節(jié)喪，則余無可浣也”，材料一有哪些事實可以支持王夫之的觀點？請簡要概括。
（二）古代詩歌閱讀（本題共2小題，9分）
閱讀下面這首宋詩，完成下面小題。
宿千歲庵聽泉
劉克莊
因愛庵前一脈泉，襥衾來此借房眠。
驟聞將謂溪當(dāng)戶，久聽翻疑屋是船。
變作怒聲猶壯偉，滴成細(xì)點更清圓。
君看昔日蘭亭帖，亦把湍流替管弦。
15. 下列對這首詩理解和賞析，不正確的一項是（ ）
A. 詩的開頭交代，詩人之所以會到千歲庵借宿，是出于對庵前泉水的喜愛。
B. 詩歌主要是從聽覺的角度來描寫泉流，與題目中的“聽泉”二字相切合。
C. 詩人雅趣與古人相通，在聽泉的時候，聯(lián)想到昔日曲水流觴的蘭亭雅集。
D. 詩人與蘭亭諸賢一樣，都把對音樂之美的追求寄托于山水而摒棄了樂器。
16. 本詩采用了對比手法，頸聯(lián)寫泉水的聲音既響亮又微小，請結(jié)合詩句簡要分析。
（三）名篇名句默寫（本題共1小題，6分）
17. 補寫出下列句子中的空缺部分。
（1）《屈原列傳》“___________，____________”描寫尋常事物須從宏大意象列舉表達深遠(yuǎn)意蘊。
�。�2）《歸園田居·其一》“_____________，____________”表示栽種多種樹木受到喜愛。
�。�3）唐代詩人寫時事，常常托之于漢代，如“___________，___________”借漢喻唐，以古喻今。
三、語言文字運用（本題共5小題，18分）
閱讀文字，完成下面小題。
當(dāng)你覺得勞累而懶得說話，情緒、胃口不佳且腦子不轉(zhuǎn)時，往往是身體在提醒你：“電量已經(jīng)觸底，需要立即充電。”常用的充電方式，包括合理睡眠、適度運動、調(diào)整飲食等多種，其中睡眠最為重要。①如果睡眠不足和睡眠過度都會加重人的疲憊感，②引發(fā)多種疾病，③所以，④通過睡眠如何快速讓自己精力充沛，⑤才是問題的關(guān)鍵。
睡眠時長是保證身體正常運轉(zhuǎn)的必要條件。至于每天要睡多久才能保證身體健康，相信喜愛健康科普節(jié)目的人，都已經(jīng)耳熟能詳了。實際上，我們所需的睡眠時長是 A 的，有人不睡夠9個小時難以清醒，有人睡上4個小時就能活力滿滿；有人睡了很長時間仍然精神萎靡，有人只要打個盹兒就能 B 。因此，能夠保證自己心情舒暢、精神飽滿的睡眠時長，就是最適合自己的睡眠時長。
睡眠不足會導(dǎo)致疲勞無法緩解而殘留下來，長此以往，疲勞會像負(fù)債一樣逐漸累積并且利上滾利，掏空你的“家底”，進而引發(fā)多種疾病。（ 甲 ）也很簡單：在節(jié)假日睡到自然醒，記下你的睡眠時長，然后減去工作日的睡眠時長，如果多出2個小時以上，即說明你正處于“睡眠負(fù)債”的狀態(tài)，需要及時補充調(diào)整。但另一方面，一次性補充過多的睡眠，又會擾亂人體生物鐘，使你的睡眠質(zhì)量大打折扣，同時引發(fā)新的疲勞。所以對于“睡眠負(fù)債”，要采取“分期償還”的方式求得解決。其實，（ 乙 ）。如果質(zhì)量不佳，睡眠時間再長也難以恢復(fù)疲勞。而提高睡眠質(zhì)量的方法有很多種，如在固定時間起床，以調(diào)整身體節(jié)律；在睡眠前洗熱水澡，以盡量放松身心。只有睡得夠，睡得好，堅持不懈，才能從“感覺身心疲憊”成功轉(zhuǎn)化成“感覺棒極了”。
18. 文中第一段用“電”比喻人的精力體力，使用了借喻的修辭手法。請以“云”為本體寫一個句子。要求：語意完整，使用借喻；借喻貼切，表達流暢。
19. 請在文中畫橫線處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)某烧Z。
20. 文中第一段標(biāo)序號的部分有兩處表述不當(dāng)，請指出其序號并做修改，使語言準(zhǔn)確流暢，邏輯嚴(yán)密，不得改變原意。
21. 請在文中括號內(nèi)補寫恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z句，使整段文字語意完整連貫，內(nèi)容貼切，邏輯嚴(yán)密，每處不超過15個字。
22. 文中畫波浪線的“恢復(fù)疲勞”，有人說不合邏輯，有人說可以使用。你的看法是什么？請簡要說明理由。
四、寫作（60分）
23. 閱讀下面的材料，根據(jù)要求寫作。
隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及、人工智能的應(yīng)用，越來越多的問題能很快得到答案。那么，我們的問題是否會越來越少？
以上材料引發(fā)了你怎樣的聯(lián)想和思考？請寫一篇文章。
要求：選準(zhǔn)角度，確定立意，明確文體，自擬標(biāo)題；不要套作，不得抄襲；不得泄露個人信息；不少于800字。
答案：
一、現(xiàn)代文閱讀（35分）
�。ㄒ唬┈F(xiàn)代文閱讀1（本題共5小題，19分）
【1~5題答案】
【答案】1. B 2. A
3. D 4. ①使用設(shè)問句，如“這個結(jié)論是正確的嗎？我以為是正確的”，能引起讀者注意，啟發(fā)讀者思考，強調(diào)了結(jié)論的正確性；
�、谑褂梅磫柧�，如“在這種情況下，難道中國也不能變成優(yōu)勢嗎？”增強語氣，更加鮮明有力地表達觀點，強調(diào)了中國可以通過持久戰(zhàn)扭轉(zhuǎn)劣勢的觀點。
5. ①要有全面、宏觀的視角，不局限于一時一地，要考慮到各種相關(guān)因素和世界局勢的變化；
�、谝陀^分析敵我雙方的優(yōu)勢與劣勢，不盲目樂觀或悲觀；
�、垡吹饺肆�、人心等非物質(zhì)因素的重要性；
�、芤獙�(zhàn)爭的不同階段有清晰認(rèn)識和科學(xué)分析，既不幻想速勝，也不失去信心；
�、菀朴趶膽�(zhàn)略高度思考問題，把握戰(zhàn)爭的整體走勢和發(fā)展規(guī)律。
�。ǘ┈F(xiàn)代文閱讀Ⅱ（本題共4小題，16分）
【6~9題答案】
【答案】6. B 7. C
8. ①放牛生活給了作者一個自由、放松的少年時代，貼近了自然，擁有了一段無憂無慮快樂美好的回憶；②實現(xiàn)了“我”的少年英雄夢。
9. 觀點一：做到了。作者在回憶放牛的經(jīng)歷時，沒有過多地賦予意義，而是就事論事，返回到當(dāng)年的心境里，真實地展現(xiàn)了當(dāng)時的悲歡和憂樂
觀點二：沒做到。文中的放牛生活雖然真切，但仍然經(jīng)過了回憶的過濾甚至重塑，已經(jīng)被賦予了意義，其中對“放松”“自由”“野孩子”等的強化，讀武俠而感嘆虛實有無等，滲入了當(dāng)下經(jīng)驗和現(xiàn)實感受。
二、古代詩文閱讀（35分）
�。ㄒ唬┪难晕拈喿x（本題共5小題，22分）
【10~14題答案】
【答案】10. ADF
11. C 12. C
13. （1）我愿意親自率領(lǐng)一支隊伍，到蘭干山南面去分散單于的兵力，不讓他全力對付貳師將軍的軍隊。
�。�2）李陵說“我是想找一個適當(dāng)機會來報答漢朝”，只不過是見到蘇武義舉感到慚愧而找的借口。他的背叛，本來就不是司馬遷所能文飾的。
14. ①李陵打仗失敗后即投降匈奴；②與降將衛(wèi)律一道成為單于左膀右臂；③率領(lǐng)大軍追擊漢軍。
�。ǘ┕糯姼栝喿x（本題共2小題，9分）
【15~16題答案】
【答案】15. D 16. 詩中“變作怒聲猶壯偉，滴成細(xì)點更清圓”將泉聲有時如怒聲般壯偉和有時如細(xì)點般清圓進行對比，形象地展現(xiàn)了泉聲的豐富多變和獨特魅力。這種對比的描寫方式，使泉聲更加具體可感，讓讀者能更好地領(lǐng)略泉聲的美妙。
�。ㄈ┟淠瑢懀ū绢}共1小題，6分）
【17題答案】
【答案】 ①. 其稱文小而其指極大 ②. 舉類邇而見義遠(yuǎn) ③. 榆柳蔭后檐 ④. 桃李羅堂前 ⑤. 漢家煙塵在東北 ⑥. 漢將辭家破殘賊（君不聞漢家山東二百州，千村萬落生荊杞/漢皇重色思傾國，御宇多年求不得）
三、語言文字運用（本題共5小題，18分）
【18~22題答案】
【答案】18. 天空中那一團團棉花糖，潔白、柔軟，讓人忍不住想要咬上一口。
19. A因人而異；B精神抖擻。
20. ①句修改為：睡眠不足或睡眠過度都會加重人的疲憊感（如果睡眠不足或睡眠過度那么都會加重人的疲憊感）；④句修改為：如何通過睡眠快速讓自己精力充沛。
21. （甲）判斷自己是否處于“睡眠負(fù)債”狀態(tài)；（乙）睡眠質(zhì)量也是消除疲勞的重要因素。
22. 示例1：可以使用�！盎謴�(fù)”應(yīng)理解為使用用法，“恢復(fù)疲勞”是強調(diào)通過睡眠等方式使疲勞的狀態(tài)得到緩解和消除，恢復(fù)到不疲勞的狀態(tài)，從這個角度理解是符合邏輯的。（如果認(rèn)為不合邏輯，可從“恢復(fù)”一詞的常見語義角度說明，言之成理也可）
四、寫作（60分）
【23題答案】
【答案】例文：
無極之外仍是無極
盤古開天辟地，啟動了世界運行的按鈕。從刀耕火種到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)普及，從混沌蒙昧到人工智能，時至今日，越來越多的問題能迅速在網(wǎng)上檢索到答案。這是否意味著我們可以從思考探索中擺脫出來，問題越來越少呢？竊以為不然。正如湯之問棘：“上下四方有極乎？”棘曰：“無極之外復(fù)無極也�！迸f的問題得到了解答，新的問題又接踵而至，不斷循環(huán)可謂無極之外仍是無極。
愛迪生曾說：“一切都是謎，一個謎的答案是另一個謎�！比祟惐揪褪且环N愛探究原因的生物，600萬年以來，哪怕是茹毛飲血，人類從未停止過質(zhì)疑釋疑的腳步。也正是得益于此，代表著人類智慧結(jié)晶的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和人工智能高效快捷地反哺著人們好奇的胃口，頃刻間便消散了人們心中的疑惑。于是，在本能的驅(qū)使下，人們只會“撐一支長篙，向青草更青處漫溯”，問題豈會越來越少？
放眼物理研究，牛頓解答了蘋果為什么會落在地上后，又疑惑引力來自哪里，愛因斯坦發(fā)現(xiàn)這是廣義相對論的問題，但廣義相對論卻與量子力學(xué)格格不入……力學(xué)的問題如同一個九連環(huán)，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，“引無數(shù)英雄競折腰”，孜孜不倦！可見，世界本就是一本“沙之書”，解答了一個謎，另一個謎便應(yīng)運而生，解答的速度越快，產(chǎn)生的問題便越多。世界便是在這樣的回環(huán)往復(fù)當(dāng)中，走入了發(fā)展的快車道，催生了今天的日新月異！
毋庸置疑，高速發(fā)展的時代在全面答疑的同時，的確加速了我們探索的步伐。但是，正如狄更斯所言：“這是一個智慧的年代，這是一個愚蠢的年代�！蔽覀冊谛老灿谧约涸絹碓街腔鄣耐瑫r，也悲哀地發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人開始不自覺地依賴于這些智能產(chǎn)物，徹底地放飛了自我。正所謂“用進廢退”，我們心中的問題越來越少，可是身上的問題卻越來越多。
不知從何時起，“不懂問度娘”成了我們的口頭禪，消減了我們探索的欲望；超級計算機成了我們的新“頭腦”，退化了我們運算的功能；移動支付成了我們生活的常態(tài)，收起了我們感知的觸角；網(wǎng)上購物成了流行的購買方式，鈍化了我們交際的靈敏；無人駕駛汽車成了未來的新寵，抽取著我們生活的技能……智能的時代似乎幫我們解決了所有的問題，卻也可怕地反噬著我們的能力，讓懶惰懈怠的人問題越來越多，也越來越“愚蠢”。
所幸，哲學(xué)幫我們解決了這個讓人左右為難的問題�！叭魏问挛锒季哂袃擅嫘浴保谶@無極之外仍是無極的浩瀚空間里，我們既可以自豪于問題激發(fā)問題的超能力，又要避免于問題衍生問題的新焦慮，揚長避短，方可在這亙古未有的新時代里逍遙暢游。
2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷）
英語
本試卷共12頁�？荚嚱Y(jié)束后, 將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
注意事項: 1. 答題前, 考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號碼填寫清楚, 將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。
2. 選擇題必須使用 2B 鉛筆填涂; 非選擇題必須使用 0.5 毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫, 字體工整、筆跡清楚。
3. 請按照題號順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答, 超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效; 在草稿紙、試卷上答題無效。
4. 作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出, 確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。
5. 保持卡面清潔, 不要折疊, 不要弄破、弄皺, 不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。
第一部分 聽力（1—20 小題）在筆試結(jié)束后進行。
注意事項: 英語聽力共兩節(jié),20小題,每小題1.5分,滿分30分。
第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）
做題時,先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分）
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是 C。
1. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】
What did the woman do yesterday evening?
A. She watched TV. B. She went shopping. C. She attended a show.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Did you watch the talent show on TV last night?
W: No, I missed it. I went with my mom to buy some clothes.
2. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】
What is the man’s suggestion?
A. Taking a rest. B. Going for a coffee. C. Having a snack.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: I love this park. It’s so beautiful.
M: It surely is. Are you tired? Shall we stop by the lake for a few minutes?
W: Good idea. Let’s go to that cafe for a little refreshment.
3. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A weekend plan. B. A wedding invitation. C. A business deal.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Tom, shall we invite the Smiths around for dinner this Sunday?
M: Sure, but I need to pack for Monday’s business trip. What about Saturday?
W: Okay.
4. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】
Where is Barbara going tonight?
A. To a gym. B. To her grandma’s. C. To the doctor’s.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Barbara, do you want to play table tennis with us tonight?
W: I’d love to, but I can’t. I’m catching the last train to Denver to see my grandma. I need to take her to visit a doctor tomorrow morning.
5. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】
What is Alex doing?
A. He’s having breakfast. B. He’s feeding a cat. C. He’s reading a book.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Alex, did you feed the cat this morning? I don’t think she can wait.
M: All right. After I finish this chapter, I just can’t let go of this book.
第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分）
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘:聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】
6. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a fitness center. B. In a sports shop. C. In a clinic.
7. What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. Buy high-quality sportswear.
B. Keep working out regularly.
C. Avoid over-exercising.
【答案】53. A 54. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Miss, do you need any help?
W: I want to get fit, but exercise doesn’t seem to help.
M: What kind of exercise have you done before?
W: I did jogging now and then but it was so boring, so I changed to weightlifting. But it was so demanding, and I was afraid of getting injured, so I went bike riding.
M: Oh, I see. You need to be consistent. I suggest you do different kinds of exercise on one day or on different days of the week. This will help hold your interest, so you can keep coming back.
聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題�！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】
8. Why does the man make the call?
A. To reserve a table. B. To ask about a party. C. To postpone a meeting.
9. What time should the man arrive on Friday evening?
A. At 5:30. B. At 6:30. C. At 8:00.
10. What is the man’s name?
A. Brown. B. Anderson. C. Howard.
【答案】55. A 56. C 57. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Hello, Brown’s Grill. How may I help you?
M: Hi, I’d like to book a table for Friday evening.
W: Okay, how many people are there in your party?
M: There will be six.
W: And what time would you like to come?
M: Let’s say at... 6:30.
W: I’m afraid we don’t have anything available then. We could see you at 5:30 or 8:00.
M: Oh, 8:00 is better.
W: Fine. May I have your name?
M: Yes, it’s Anderson.
W: Thank you. We’ll see you on Friday. By the way, we’ve moved to Howard Street.
M: Oh, yeah, I know. Thanks.
聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題�！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】
11. Why does Sarah come to talk to Jacob?
A. To make an appointment. B. To seek his advice. C. To explain a decision.
12. How many people are there in Sarah’s group?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.
13. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Fellow workers. C. Teacher and student.
【答案】58. C 59. B 60. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Jacob, do you have a minute now?
M: Sure.
W: Well, it’s not easy to say, but I have to tell you, you’re not in our group for the class project.
M: Sarah, what do you mean? You know, I’m always in a group with you.
W: I know, it’s just that this time..., this time we made the group differently. And because you were late, we’ve already made the group. See, there are four of us already.
M: so? we can’t be a group of five?
W: Well, Professor North said there should be no more than four people in each group. It’s not about you or your work or anything like that.
M: Okay, but please count me in next time.
聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題�！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】
14. How often does the band come to perform in the park?
A. Three times a year. B. Once a year. C. Every other year.
15. What kind of music will be played this evening?
A. Country music. B. Jazz. C. Rock and roll.
16. What will Jannie do next?
A. Catch a bus. B. Listen to a lecture. C. Go to the library.
【答案】61. B 62. A 63. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hey, Jannie, where are you going?
W: To the library.
M: There is a music concert in Victoria Park at 4 o’clock. Do you want to go?
W: Yes, Professor Darwin’s lecture is cancelled. I’m free this evening.
M: Great. The band plays pretty good music. For the last 3 years, I have never missed it.
W: How long ago did the band start playing in the park?
M: I think it was 5 years ago. Every year they arrive the first week of July and play for a week. You’re sure to enjoy this evening. There will be good country music.
W: My favorite is rock and roll, but I have to say that country music can be quite beautiful sometimes.
M: I like all kinds of music, especially jazz. Oh, Jannie, we have to go now.
W: Why? There’s plenty of time.
M: Many people are heading to the park. The traffic will be terrible.
W: All right, but I have to return these books first.
M: Okay. I’ll be waiting for you at the bus station.
聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題�！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】
17. Why did the speaker go to the hotel?
A. To deliver a speech.
B. To arrange a conference.
C. To interview Mr. Rochester.
18. What did Mr. Rochester do soon after he bought the hotel?
A. He talked with the staff members.
B. He had the old carpets replaced.
C. He ran a six-month training project.
19. What did Susan do when she met Mr. Rochester the second time?
A. She was a cleaner. B. She was a secretary. C. She was a receptionist.
20. What does the speaker think is key to Mr. Rochester’s success?
A. Managing time efficiently.
B. Valuing human relationships.
C. Possessing a good memory.
【答案】64. B 65. A 66. C 67. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Good morning, everyone. This lesson is a part of our leadership series. Let me start by sharing a story of Richard Rochester, one of the most successful businessmen in Britain. Years ago, I was given the task of organizing a conference in the south of England. I chose a five-star hotel owned by Rochester as the venue. Susan, the receptionist, helped me arrange everything perfectly. Once when we were chatting, I asked Susan if she’d ever met Mr. Rochester. She said yes. Shortly after Mr. Rochester bought the hotel, he made an appointment to see the hotel manager. When he arrived, the first person he met was Susan, who was cleaning the carpet. He chatted with Susan for 30 minutes before keeping his appointment with the manager. He spent all day at the hotel talking with each member of the staff, from the top guy to the lady who cleaned the toilets. Six months later, Mr. Rochester paid another visit. Susan had been promoted to receptionist, but he recognized her immediately and addressed her by name. He even remembered that she had a little girl and what her name was. Now, I don’t believe that Richard Rochester has that good memory. He must have written a lot of notes after his first visit and read them over again before that second visit. It’s time-consuming, but it shows the importance he places on human relationships. I think that’s one of the secrets of his success.
第二部分 閱讀（共兩節(jié), 滿分50分）
第一節(jié)（共15 小題; 每小題 2.5 分, 滿分 37.5分）
閱讀下列短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
A
Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1 — The Natural World
With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手電筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
1. Which walk takes the shortest time?
A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking.
C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
2. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do?
A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club.
C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide.
3. What do the four walks have in common?
A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers.
C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了參加卡洛秋季徒步節(jié)的幾種步行方案，及其日期、起點和步行時間等相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。
【1題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀全文，根據(jù)文章所給出的四種方案中的“Walk Duration (步行時間)”部分比較可知，“Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest (步行4——基爾布蘭尼什森林?jǐn)z影步行)”的步行時間是1.5小時，用時最短。故選D項。
【2題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars (步行3——星光下的月光)”部分中的“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.(穿著不當(dāng)?shù)娜藢⒈痪芙^參加)”可知，第三種步行方案的參與者需要穿合適的衣服。故選A項。
【3題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)四種步行方案中的“Date and Time (日期和時間)”部分比較可知，這四種方案都被安排在周末。故選D項。
B
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates (檢票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit?
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.
And you’ll never be without something to read.
4. Why did BART start the kiosk program?
A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use.
C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs.
5. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk?
A. By popularity. B. By length.
C. By theme. D. By language.
6. What has Trost been doing recently?
A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers.
C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists.
7. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future?
A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline.
C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。主要報道了舊金山灣區(qū)捷運系統(tǒng)(BART)推出自動售貨亭提供短篇故事打印服務(wù)，旨在滿足乘客閱讀需求，提升出行體驗，Trost認(rèn)為此舉措能吸引更多乘客，對BART的未來持樂觀態(tài)度，預(yù)期乘客量將會增長。
【4題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““You enter the fare gates (檢票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”(舊金山灣區(qū)捷運系統(tǒng)（BART）首席通訊官Alicia Trost表示：“你進入檢票口，會看到一個亮著燈的信息亭，它告訴你可以得到一分鐘、三分鐘或五分鐘的報道。你可以選擇你想要的長度，它會給你一個類似收據(jù)的短篇故事。”)”可知，BART啟動信息亭是為了滿足乘客在乘車過程中的閱讀需求，為他們提供不同長度的短篇故事或詩歌來打發(fā)時間。故選C項。
【5題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.(你可以選擇你想要的長度，它會給你一個類似收據(jù)的短篇故事)”可知，信息亭中的故事按長度分類，乘客可以根據(jù)自己的需求選擇不同長度的故事。故選B項。
【6題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,(我們想做一些事情，呼吁灣區(qū)的藝術(shù)家為比賽提交故事)”以及第六段“The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.(獲獎故事會進入我們的書報亭，然后你就會成為一名出版藝術(shù)家)”可知，Trost最近在組織一個故事競賽，向灣區(qū)的藝術(shù)家征集故事，獲勝作品將被放入書報亭供乘客閱讀。故選A項。
【7題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.(她說：“歸根結(jié)底，所有的交通機構(gòu)現(xiàn)在都在盡一切努力改善乘客體驗。所以我絕對認(rèn)為，我們會因為短篇小說而吸引更多的乘客�！�)”可知，Trost認(rèn)為通過提升乘客體驗，包括提供短篇故事閱讀服務(wù)，BART可以吸引更多的乘客，乘客量將會增加。故選D項。
C
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
8. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets.
9. What information does the convenient app offer?
A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants.
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.
10. What can be concluded about BMF employees?
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D. They have a strong environmental awareness.
11. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢，包括減少食物運輸距離、通過云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。
【8題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”可知，巴比倫微型農(nóng)場（BMF）進一步縮短了從農(nóng)場到餐桌的距離。故選C。
【9題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，還有一個便捷的應(yīng)用程序，可以實時提供增長數(shù)據(jù))”可知，這個便捷的應(yīng)用程序提供了植物生長的實時數(shù)據(jù)。故選B。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵回收和減少浪費。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品�！�)”可知，BMF員工具有強烈的環(huán)保意識。故選D。
【11題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通過云連接，對BMF進行遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。此外，還有一個方便的應(yīng)用程序可以實時提供不斷增長的數(shù)據(jù)。由于該系統(tǒng)是自動化的，因此大大減少了種植植物所需的水量。該系統(tǒng)不是給一排排土壤澆水，而是為每株植物提供合適的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵回收和減少浪費。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品�！�)”可知，文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢，包括減少食物運輸距離、通過云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。故選A。
D
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (變革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代碼) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
12. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic.
13. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?
A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals.
14. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一書。該書作為應(yīng)對AI革命挑戰(zhàn)的實用指南，以商業(yè)視角闡述AI發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與前景，強調(diào)控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界協(xié)同確保人工智能安全發(fā)展，以防潛在危機。
【12題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代碼) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (這樣一本書可能會像驅(qū)動人工智能的計算機代碼一樣復(fù)雜，但值得慶幸的是，坎貝爾有20多年的專業(yè)經(jīng)驗，可以將令人興奮的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化為可理解的內(nèi)容。她從商業(yè)人士的實際角度而不是學(xué)者的角度出發(fā)，撰寫了一本非常通俗易懂、內(nèi)容豐富的指南，讀完后會讓你覺得自己幾乎和人工智能一樣聰明)”可知，坎貝爾撰寫的這本書是通俗易懂的，如果別人寫這本書的話可能就不是這樣了，推測劃線短語表示 “如果是由能力較差的人寫的”。故選C項。
【13題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(值得慶幸的是，坎貝爾有20多年的專業(yè)經(jīng)驗，可以將令人興奮的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化為可理解的內(nèi)容。她從商業(yè)人士的實際角度而不是學(xué)者的角度出發(fā)，撰寫了一本非常通俗易懂、內(nèi)容豐富的指南，讀完后會讓你覺得自己幾乎和人工智能一樣聰明)”可知，坎貝爾在書中將令人興奮的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化為可理解的內(nèi)容，這本書的.特點是通俗易懂，推測它采用了接地氣的寫作風(fēng)格。故選B項。
【14題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她說，我們必須保持對人工智能的控制，否則就有被邊緣化甚至更糟的風(fēng)險)”和文章最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我們需要考慮我們希望人工智能的未來如何發(fā)展。這種結(jié)構(gòu)化的思維，加上全球監(jiān)管，將使我們走向偉大，而不是走向衰敗)”可知，坎貝爾敦促人們保持對人工智能的控制，考慮人工智能的未來應(yīng)如何發(fā)展，所以關(guān)于人工智能的發(fā)展，坎貝爾敦促人們共同努力將其控制住。故選C項。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (變革). (考慮到人工智能改變我們生活的驚人潛力，我們都需要采取行動來應(yīng)對人工智能驅(qū)動的未來，這正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地�？ㄌ乩飱W娜·坎貝爾撰寫的這本引人入勝的新書是一本實用的路線圖，旨在應(yīng)對即將到來的人工智能革命帶來的挑戰(zhàn))”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能將影響我們所有人，如果你只讀一本關(guān)于這個主題的書，那就是這本書)”可知，本文主要介紹了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一書，該書作為應(yīng)對AI革命挑戰(zhàn)的實用指南，以商業(yè)視角闡述AI發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與前景，強調(diào)控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界協(xié)同確保人工智能安全發(fā)展，以防潛在危機，所以作者寫這篇文章的目的是推薦一本關(guān)于人工智能的書。故選A項。
第二節(jié)（共5小題; 每小題2.5分, 滿分12.5分）
閱讀下面短文, 從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
●___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (榮幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了如何避免“過度旅游”的現(xiàn)象。
【16題詳解】
前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促進理解，擴展我們的思想，使我們成為更好的人，促進當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟和社區(qū)，但旅游業(yè)的快速發(fā)展導(dǎo)致了某些地區(qū)和目的地的過度旅游)”表明旅游帶來了一些問題，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在當(dāng)今世界，失去旅行所能提供的東西將是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，結(jié)合后文“Certainly not.(當(dāng)然不)”可知，空處提問能否停止旅行，D選項“那么，我們應(yīng)該停止旅行嗎？”符合語境。故選B。
【17題詳解】
前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客過多的目的地是有原因的：它們很特別。網(wǎng)上有這么多關(guān)于同一個地方的帖子，很容易讓你覺得你錯過了。只有當(dāng)風(fēng)景、文化或食物深深吸引你時，才去某個地方)”表明不要跟風(fēng)旅游，C選項“為你而不是其他人旅行”表明要關(guān)注自己在旅行時的感受，忠實自己的感受，不用管其余的建議，符合語境。故選C。
【18題詳解】
前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(這意味著你有很多不太受歡迎的選擇)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 為什么不嘗試一個地區(qū)性的選擇，或者看看一個熱門目的地不太為人所知的景點呢)”提出建議，可以選擇一些冷門的景點，E選項“你仍然可以找到相對未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的地方”符合語境。故選E。
19題詳解】
空處為小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通過跳過重大節(jié)假日或高峰時間來最小化影響并最大化體驗)”表示旅游時要注意避開高峰期，選擇合適的時間，A選項“在非高峰時間參觀”概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A。
【20題詳解】
前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(盡你的一份力，從一開始就保護一個目的地的特別之處)”表明旅游時應(yīng)保護旅游景點，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能會驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)你和那里的人感覺如此親近)”表示這樣做的感受，G選項“考慮回饋你所訪問的社區(qū)”承上啟下，符合語境。故選G。
第三部分 語言運用（共兩節(jié), 滿分30分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題; 每小題1分, 滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didnt think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to ___21___, Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy, I ___22___ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to ___23___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___24___ my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language ___25___. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how ___26___ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to ___27___ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. Its these small ___28___ of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my ___29___ quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional ____30____, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families ____31____ for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can ____32____. These meals are always ____33____ by laughter and joy. Whatever ____34____ life in Italy might have, the problems are ____35____ once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
21. A. study B. rent C. visit D. settle
22. A. planned B. struggled C. refused D. happened
23. A. string B. hang C. mix D. match
24. A. improved B. assessed C. admired D. praised
25. A. course B. barrier C. area D. test
26. A. open-minded B. strong-willed C. warm-hearted D. well-informed
27. A. remind B. allow C. persuade D. order
28. A. tricks B. promises C. acts D. duties
29. A. ambition B. success C. appetite D. growth
30. A. costume B. dish C. symbol D. tale
31. A. gather B. cheer C. leave D. wait
32. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for
33. A. signaled B. confirmed C. represented D. accompanied
34. A. disadvantages B. meanings C. surprises D. opportunities
35. A. created B. forgotten C. understood D. identified
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者十年前選擇在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的風(fēng)土人情。
【21題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析，句意：我喜歡在法國旅行，但當(dāng)談到選擇我最喜歡的定居地點時，意大利顯然是贏家。A. study學(xué)習(xí)；B. rent租金；C. visit游覽；D. settle定居。根據(jù)下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可推知，此處指作者最喜歡的定居地點。故選D。
【22題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析，句意：在我第一次訪問意大利時，我很難問路或在餐館點餐。A. planned計劃；B. struggled斗爭、吃力地進行；C. refused拒絕；D. happened出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生。根據(jù)上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此處指作者第一次到意大利，語言不通，很難溝通交流。故選B。
【23題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析，句意：我試著把一個意大利語句子串在一起，當(dāng)?shù)厝藢ξ椅⑿�，稱贊我的語言技能。A. string串起、連成一串；B. hang懸掛；C. mix混合；D. match配對。根據(jù)下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此處指作者努力想用意大利語串成一句話。故選A。
【24題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析，句意：我試著把一個意大利語句子串在一起，當(dāng)?shù)厝藢ξ椅⑿ΓQ贊我的語言技能。A. improved改進；B. assessed評估；C. admired欽佩；D. praised贊揚。根據(jù)上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此處指作者嘗試說意大利語，當(dāng)?shù)厝速潛P作者的語言能力。故選D。
【25題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析，句意：這種鼓勵幫助我克服了語言障礙。A.course課程；B. barrier障礙；C. area區(qū)域；D. test測試。根據(jù)上文“the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills. That encouragement helped me”可推知，此處指當(dāng)?shù)厝藢ψ髡叩墓膭顜椭朔苏Z言障礙。故選B。
【26題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析，句意：當(dāng)我把意大利作為永久的家后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了意大利人是多么的熱情。A. open-minded思想開明的；B. strong-willed思想堅定的；C. warm-hearted熱心的；D. well-informed見多識廣的。根據(jù)下文鄰居的熱心行為“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此處指鄰居是熱情的。故選C。
【27題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析，句意：鄰居們會給我?guī)硇迈r的奶酪，還會在下雨的時候來我家門前提醒我關(guān)上車窗。A. remind提醒；B. allow允許；C. persuade說服；D. order命令。根據(jù)上文“I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are”以及下文“will come to my door”可推知，此處指熱心的鄰居在下雨的時候來作者家門前提醒他關(guān)上車窗。故選A。
【28題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析，句意：正是這些小小的善舉讓一個新國家有家的感覺。A. tricks技巧；B. promises承諾；C. acts行為；D. duties職責(zé)。根據(jù)上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此處指鄰居們的善舉。故選C。
【29題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析，句意：作為一個美食家，通往我內(nèi)心的路是通過我的胃，沒有什么地方能像意大利那樣刺激我的食欲。A. ambition雄心；B. success成功；C. appetite食欲；D. growth發(fā)育。根據(jù)上文“As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach”可推知，此處指做這是一個美食家，所以應(yīng)該是刺激食欲。故選C。
【30題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析，句意：每個城鎮(zhèn)都有自己的傳統(tǒng)菜肴，每個家庭都保存著代代相傳的食譜。A. costume服裝；B. dish菜肴；C. symbol符號；D. tale故事。根據(jù)上文“fuels my appetite”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可推知，此處指意大利各地都有傳統(tǒng)菜肴。故選B。
【31題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析，句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他們能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. gather集合；B. cheer歡呼；C. leave留下；D. wait等待。根據(jù)上文“Families”以及下文“with friends and family”可推知，此處指一家人聚集在一起吃飯。故選A。
【32題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析，句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他們能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. put up with克服；B. stand up for支持；C. come up with想出；D. make up for彌補。根據(jù)上文“whatever other excuses they can”可推知，此處指家人們?yōu)榱司墼谝黄鸪燥埗氤龅睦碛�。故選C。
【33題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析，句意：這些飯菜總是伴隨著笑聲和喜悅。A. signaled示意；B. confirmed確認(rèn)；C. represented 代表；D. accompanied伴隨。根據(jù)下文“by laughter and joy”可推知，此處指家人們在一起用餐時伴隨著歡聲笑語。固定搭配“accompany by”譯為“伴隨”。故選D。
【34題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析，句意：無論意大利的生活有什么缺點，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下來吃頓大餐，這些問題就會被遺忘。A. disadvantages缺點；B. meanings含義；C. surprises驚喜；D. opportunities機會。根據(jù)上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可推知，此處指在意大利的生活有什么不如意之處。故選A。
【35題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析，句意：無論意大利的生活有什么缺點，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下來吃頓大餐，這些問題就會被遺忘。A. created創(chuàng)建；B. forgotten忘記；C. understood理解；D. identified確認(rèn)。根據(jù)上文“Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems”以及下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可推知，此處指無論在意大利的生活有什么不如意之處，跟家人們吃一頓飯就會忘記不愉快。故選B。
第二節(jié)（共10 小題; 每小題 1.5 分, 滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入 1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (紀(jì)念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common ___37___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___39___ Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
【答案】36. who
37. themes 38. were
39. to 40. inspired
41. was built
42. visibility
43. to find
44. Recalling
45. and
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國明代戲曲家湯顯祖與英國戲劇家莎士比亞之間的聯(lián)系和共同點，并展示了這種聯(lián)系如何被紀(jì)念和展示在莎士比亞的故鄉(xiāng)斯特拉特福德，且說明了這種聯(lián)系對于提高斯特拉特福德國際知名度的重要性。
【36題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：為了紀(jì)念被譽為“亞洲莎士比亞”的湯顯祖，中國文化元素為莎士比亞的故鄉(xiāng)——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了國際化的色彩。這里為定語從句的關(guān)系詞，先行詞為“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語，表示人，用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故填who。
【37題詳解】
考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：莎士比亞故居信托基金會的研究主管Paul Edmondson說，盡管他們從未見過面，但他們的作品中都有共同的主題。本句為“there be”句型，為倒裝句，根據(jù)謂語動詞“are”可判斷，本句主語為名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填themes。
【38題詳解】
考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：“湯顯祖所寫的一些內(nèi)容也是莎士比亞所關(guān)心的。我碰巧知道湯顯祖的戲劇《牡丹亭》在某些方面與《羅密歐與朱麗葉》相似�！边@里為本句謂語動詞，根據(jù)句意以及定語從句時態(tài)可知，本句時態(tài)為一般過去時；主語為“some of the things”，復(fù)數(shù)。故填were。
【39題詳解】
考查固定短語。句意：“湯顯祖所寫的一些內(nèi)容也是莎士比亞所關(guān)心的。我碰巧知道湯顯祖的戲劇《牡丹亭》在某些方面與《羅密歐與朱麗葉》相似�！惫潭ǘ陶Z：be similar to，意為“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。
【40題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：兩年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花園落成，該花園距離莎士比亞故居僅十分鐘步行路程，其靈感來自《牡丹亭》。非謂語動詞擔(dān)當(dāng)后置定語，被修飾詞“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和動詞“inspire”之間為被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞形式。故填inspired。
【41題詳解】
考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：兩年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花園落成，該花園距離莎士比亞故居僅十分鐘步行路程，其靈感來自《牡丹亭》。這里為本句謂語動詞，根據(jù)時間狀語“Two years later”可知，本句時態(tài)為一般過去時；主語為“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，單數(shù)，和動詞“build”之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填was built。
【42題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：Edmondson說，這些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的國際知名度，并補充說，游客們穿過故居花園時，常常驚訝于這兩位偉大作家之間的聯(lián)系。形容詞international后接名詞形式，visibility“知名度”為不可數(shù)名詞作賓語。故填visibility。
【43題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：Edmondson說，這些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的國際知名度，并補充說，游客們穿過故居花園時，常常驚訝于這兩位偉大作家之間的聯(lián)系。非謂語動詞擔(dān)當(dāng)形容詞“amazed”后的原因狀語，用動詞不定式形式。故填to find。
【44題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：回憶起幾年前在上海觀看莎士比亞戲劇《理查三世》的中國版，并遇見前來斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中國演員時，Edmondson說：“聽到中文，看到湯顯祖的戲劇是如何被表演的，非常激動人心�！狈侵^語動詞擔(dān)當(dāng)狀語，主語“Edmondson”和動詞“recall”之間為主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式擔(dān)當(dāng)狀語；出現(xiàn)在句首，首字母大寫。故填Recalling。
【45題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：回憶起幾年前在上海觀看莎士比亞戲劇《理查三世》的中國版，并遇見前來斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中國演員時，Edmondson說：“聽到中文，看到湯顯祖的戲劇是如何被表演的，非常激動人心�！笨涨啊癶ear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，用and連接。故填and。
第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié), 滿分40分）
第一節(jié)（滿分15分）
46. 假定你是李華，上周五你們班在公園上了一堂美術(shù)課。請你給英國朋友Chris寫一封郵件分享這次經(jīng)歷，內(nèi)容包括：
（1）你完成的作品；
�。�2）你的感想。
注意：
�。�1）寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個左右；
�。�2）請按如下格式在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Dear Chris,
I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Chris
I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.
We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.
The entire experience was incredibly refreshing. Being surrounded by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.
In a word, it was not just an art class; it was a moment of connection with nature that I truly cherished.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本篇是應(yīng)用文寫作。要求考生給Chris寫一封信, 分享在公園上美術(shù)課的經(jīng)歷。
【詳解】1. 詞匯積累
決定：decide→determine
整個的：entire→whole
提供：offer→provide
總之：in a word→in short
2. 句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句：Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.
拓展句：Because I was inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, which was surrounded by blooming flowers.
【點睛】[高分句型1]We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. (that引導(dǎo)的定語從句)
[高分句型2] I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.(as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句)
第二節(jié)（滿分25分）
47. 閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.
That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadnt heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car.
Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (隊列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. "We made it," he said.
Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.
At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: "Out of order. Sorry."
注意：
（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個左右；
�。�2）請按如下格式在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置作答。
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.
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Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.
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【答案】參考范文
Para 1
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment. “If I miss this last bus to Prague, I’ll be late for the conference which is so important that I can’t afford to miss it!” I explained. “May I have your phone number? I will call you and return the money I owe you. I promise I will keep my word or you keep my watch!” I added, handing him my watch as well as my business card. Gunter accepted my business card but rejected my watch. He wrote down his phone number and gave it to me. “Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words. Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before its departure.
Para 2
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before. Beaming a warm smile at him, I gave him a big hug the moment I saw him. We chatted happily on the way to the airport. I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down. I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight. We became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly. I felt blessed to have such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了作者在一次因風(fēng)暴延誤的旅途中，匆忙搭乘出租車前往車站趕最后一班去布拉格的公共汽車。司機岡特不熟悉車站位置，通過電話求助后順利抵達。到達時作者卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己沒帶現(xiàn)金，嘗試用葡萄牙銀行卡支付沒有成功，而車站的取款機也故障了。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫：
�、儆傻谝欢问拙鋬�(nèi)容“我跑回到岡特那里，告訴他這個壞消息�！笨芍谝欢慰擅鑼懽髡吡粝聦氐碾娫�，承諾會還錢給對方，岡特同意，最終作者及時登上了公共汽車。
�、谟傻诙问拙鋬�(nèi)容“四天后，當(dāng)我回到維也納時，我按照承諾給岡特打了電話。”可知，第二段可描寫作者付費給岡特，并向?qū)Ψ奖硎靖屑�，兩人成為了好朋友�?/p>
2.續(xù)寫線索：作者給出解決辦法——承諾還錢——岡特同意——作者登上公共汽車——履行承諾還錢——兩人成為朋友
3.詞匯激活
行為類
�、倬芙^：reject/refuse
�、诮o某人擁抱：give sb. a hug/embrace sb.
�、塾浵�，寫下：write down/set down
情緒類
�、匐y以置信地：in disbelief/incredibly/unbelievably
②開心地：happily/joyfully
【點睛】【高分句型1】He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before.（運用了where引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句）
【高分句型2】When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down.（運用了when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句）
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