考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析(三)

When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be―even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right―it can hardly be classed as Literature。

This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will。

Certainly their deions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river—and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “ Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms�！�

This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?

19. This passage is mainly____。

[A]a survey of new approaches to art

[B]a review of Futurist poetry

[C]about merits of the Futurist movement

[D]about laws and requirements of literature

20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____。

[A]determine its purposes

[B]ignore its flaws

[C]follow the new fashions

[D]accept the principles

21. Futurists claim that we must____。

[A]increase the production of literature

[B]use poetry to relieve modern stress

[C]develop new modes of expression

[D]avoid using adjectives and verbs

22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is____。

[A]based on reasonable principles

[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people

[C]indicative of basic change in human nature

[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literature

名師解析

19. This passage is mainly____.  本文中心思想是____。

[A]a survey of new approaches to art  對新的藝術理論的調(diào)查

[B]a review of Futurist poetry  對未來派詩歌的評論

[C]about merits of the Futurist movement  有關未來派運動的優(yōu)點

[D]about laws and requirements of literature  有關文學的規(guī)則和要求

【答案】 B

【考點】 文章主旨題。

【分析】 本文第一段提到“至于未來派詩歌，情況卻有點難，因為即使承認未來派詩歌理論根據(jù)可能正確，無論它是怎樣的，也很難稱之為文學”。第二段提到“未來主義者聲稱，這種加速的生活需要一種新的表達方式。如果我們想解釋現(xiàn)代社會的壓力，就必須加快文學的速度”。第三段例舉了一個未來文學的例子，指出其難以接受。最后一段仍然是對未來文學的批評。因此我們看出本文是一篇文學評論，而且是對未來文學的評論。只有選擇[B]。

20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____。

當出現(xiàn)一個新的文學理念時，人們應該努力_____。

[A]determine its purposes  確定它的目標

[B]ignore its flaws  忽視它的缺陷

[C]follow the new fashions  跟隨這個新的潮流

[D]accept the principles  接受原則

【答案】 A

【考點】 事實細節(jié)題。

【分析】 本題可以定位到第一段第一句“每當一個新藝術思潮達到一定流行程度時，(在評價它之前)最好先找出其倡導者的目的”。

21. Futurists claim that we must____。

未來主義者聲稱我們必須____。

[A]increase the production of literature  加大文學的產(chǎn)出

[B]use poetry to relieve modern stress  用詩歌來減輕現(xiàn)代的壓力

[C]develop new modes of expression  開發(fā)出新的表達方式

[D]avoid using adjectives and verbs  避免使用形容詞和動詞

【答案】 C

【考點】 事實細節(jié)題。

【分析】 根據(jù)題干，我們無法定位到任何一段，只能通過具體的選項來做具體的判斷。[A]選項錯誤，文中并沒有提到要加大文學的產(chǎn)出，雖然文中提到“如果我們想解釋現(xiàn)代社會的壓力，就必須加快文學的速度�！钡�是這句話的意思不是要加大文學的產(chǎn)出，而是加快文學的節(jié)奏。[B]選項錯誤，因為文中在提到壓力的時候，只是說“解釋”(interpret)壓力，而沒有說用詩歌來減輕現(xiàn)代的壓力。[D]選項錯誤，文中提到形容詞和動詞的地方是第二段“我們必須大量使用基本詞匯，不受句號，修飾性形容詞及限定動詞的限制”這一句。但是并沒有說避免使用形容詞和動詞。[C]選項“開發(fā)出新的表達方式”這個說法合適，因為文中第二段提到“未來主義者聲稱，這種加速的生活需要一種新的表達方式”。

22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is_____.  作者相信未來派詩歌是_____。

[A]based on reasonable principles  根據(jù)合理的原則

[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people  對普通人而言是新的可接受的

[C]indicative of basic change in human nature  顯示出人性中基本的變化

[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literature

與其說是文學不如說是一種暫時的現(xiàn)象

【答案】 D

【考點】 中心主旨題。

【分析】 在本文最后一段，作者說“沒有一個善于思考的人會拒絕接受他們的首要主張，即情感生活的巨大變化要求表達方式也隨之變化。實際問題是：我們發(fā)生了根本的變化嗎？”這個問題實際上就已經(jīng)否定了未來主義者的首要主張，即他們對歷史和現(xiàn)實的認識是不正確的，所以其理論根據(jù)是站不住腳的。所以說未來派詩歌并沒有穩(wěn)定的理論基礎，只是一個暫時的現(xiàn)象。

難句解析：

1. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句可以分為兩個部分，“for”為分界詞。在前半部分中“it”是形式主語，真正的主語是“to”引導的不定式短語，這個短語中又出現(xiàn)了一個賓語從句�！皐hen”引導一個狀語從句，表示時間。后半句中“it”仍然是形式主語，“that”引導一個主語從句。“however”引導一個讓步狀語從句。

2. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句是一個因果關系的并列句。前一個分句的主句是“the case is rather difficult”，其中“however”表示此句與上一句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關系；原因為“for”之后的部分，其中破折號之間的部分是插入語，表示一種讓步，“on which it is based”是“the theory”的定語從句，“it”指代“Futurist poetry”。

3. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river—and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms。”

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句“it”是形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式“to read”及后面的賓語從句和“to find”及其后面的賓語從句�！皉ead”的賓語從句是“that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river”；“find”的賓語從句是“that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: ‘Pluff! Pluff! A hundred an

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