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考研英語語法重難點精解 主謂一致
“many+單數(shù)名詞”等結構的主謂一致
主語為many a/more than one/every/each+單數(shù)名詞或one of/every one of/either of/neither of/each of+復數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
例句: Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. (選自1999年Part IV)
分析: 該句是復合句,主干部分是each generation of historians determines anew...,what is significant for it in the past是determines的賓語從句,過去分詞caught in the web of...作主語補足語。
譯文: 每一代史學家在重新確定那些對他們具有重大意義的史實時,都會受到自身時空的局限。
例句: Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology. (選自2003年Part B)
分析: 該句是復合句,which lies...是修飾subfield or specialization的定語從句。
譯文: 每一門社會學科目都有一個分支或專業(yè)特別接近人類學。
“each+單數(shù)名詞”等結構的主謂一致
在each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and+ each/every+單數(shù)名詞這一結構作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
例句: Every boy and every girl has a right to be educated in our country, whether his/her family is rich or poor.
分析: 該句是并列句,whether his family is rich or poor這一分句表示讓步。
譯文: 在我國,無論男孩女孩都有權利接受教育,不管家庭貧窮與否。
“a lot of+不可數(shù)名詞(復數(shù)名詞)”等結構的主謂一致
a lot of/lots of/heaps of/a load of/loads of/the rest/the last/half of/part of/enough of/a great (good) deal of+ 不可數(shù)名詞 + 單數(shù)謂語動詞
復數(shù)名詞 + 復數(shù)謂語動詞
例句: A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so?called digital divide—the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor.
。ㄟx自2001年Text 2)
分析: 該句是簡單句,破折號后內容是對其前內容的進一步解釋說明。
譯文: 今天,人們十分關注所謂的信息差異問題——也就是把世界上的國家分成信息資源豐富國和信息資源貧乏國。
and或both...and并列結構
該結構作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式,但由and連接的兩名詞指同一人或同一物體時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
例句: The weeds and tall grass in that yard make the house look as if it had been vacant for quite some time.
分析: 該句是復合句,其中as if后引導的方式狀語從句作look的賓語。
譯文: 院子里的雜草和長得很高的青草使這房子看起來好像相當長一段時間沒住過人似的。
例句: The capacity and efficiency with which your body can perform depends on the degree of development of both your muscular and organic power through regular exercise.
分析: 該句是復合句,主干部分為the capacity and efficiency depends on the degree of development, with which your body can perform是修飾the capacity and efficiency的定語從句,介詞短語of both your muscular and...修飾development。
譯文: 你的身體所能表現(xiàn)出來的能力和效能取決于你的肌肉和有機能量通過日常鍛煉而達到的程度。
數(shù)詞與表示時間、金錢、度量衡、溫度等名詞
這類名詞作主語表示一定量或總量時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
例句: Two years seems a long time for a patient who has to lie in bed, and do nothing.
分析: 該句是復合句, who has to lie in bed, and do nothing是修飾a patient的定語從句。
譯文: 對于一個不得不躺在床上并且無事可做的病人來說,兩年時間的確很漫長。
例句: Sixty kilograms is a heavy weight for her, so she will try her best to make regular exercises for losing the weight.
分析: 該句是并列句。
譯文: 60公斤對她來說的確是太重了,于是她將盡最大努力通過日常鍛煉來減肥。
分數(shù)或百分比+ of+單數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞
復數(shù)名詞+復數(shù)動詞
例句: By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non?Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian?American women are married to non?Asians.
。ㄟx自2006年Text 1)
分析: 該句是由and連接的并列句。
譯文: 到了第三代,講西班牙語的移民中,有1/3的婦女嫁給了不講西班牙語的美國人。41%的亞洲移民婦女嫁給了不是來自亞洲的美國人。
例句: But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.
。ㄟx自2002年Text 2)
分析: 該句是復合句,主干部分是the human mind can glimpse...and disregard the 98 percent,分詞短語focusing on在句中作伴隨狀語。
譯文: 但是人類的頭腦能在一瞥之下發(fā)現(xiàn)一個迅速改變的場景,隨即忽略拋棄其中98%的無關信息,瞬間定位在蜿蜒的林間小路旁的那只猴子或人群中那張可疑的面孔上。
例句: More than one third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, predominately in San Francisco.
分析: 該句是簡單句。
譯文: 在美國,1/3的華人居住在加利福尼亞州,主要集中在舊金山市。
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