英語語音語調(diào)基本知識

　　英語語音語調(diào)

　　I英語語音要點(diǎn)：

　　1.按照音標(biāo)發(fā)好每個(gè)詞的音（單詞重音）：

　　2.不可把不完全爆破發(fā)成完全爆破：

　�。�1）blac(k)board goo(d) time si(t ) down a(c)tor publi（c）duty

　　(2 ) absenteighthpicture a big change help them？

　　3.注意詞的弱讀式：

　　aan and are as because can for from

　　havehas hadof orthat than towas

　　4.注意詞與詞間的連讀：

　�。�1）an American writer China is in Asia.

　�。�2）far away There are about eight American novels.

　�。�3）my only daughterher English teacher

　　5.注意語句重音：

　�。�1）n. v.adj.adv. num.. demo. pron.inter.

　�。�2）art. Prep. conj. link-v. aux.v. pron.

　　6.注意語調(diào)：

　　（1）降調(diào)—陳述句、祈使句、感嘆句、特殊問句（肯定、完整的意義）

　�。�2）升調(diào)—一般疑問句、呼語、問候語、告別語、道歉語（不完整、委婉等）

　�。�3）降升調(diào)—警告、反駁、安慰、鼓勵(lì)、祝愿等

　　II英語語句重音：

　�、逯刈x的詞：

　　1.名詞：An elephant is an animal.

　　2.形容詞：Her skirt is blue and white.

　　3.數(shù)詞：John is nine. My second brother is a doctor.

　　4.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：She sings well.

　　5.副詞：He speaks English slowly and carefully.

　　6.某些代詞：

　�。�1）指示代詞：thisthatthesethose

　�。�2）反身代詞：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

　�。�3）不定代詞：some, every, all, both, none, other, many, few, etc.

　　Everybody was late.

　　We are many; they are few.

　　Some are red; some are blue.

　　（4）疑問代詞：who, whom, whose, what, which, etc.

　　7.嘆詞：Oh, it’s snowing./ Dear me!

　�、娌恢刈x的詞：

　　1.冠詞：This is a computer./ The computer is my sister’s.

　　2.沒有語義重音的代詞：

　�。�1）人稱代詞：They are my friends.

　�。�2）物主代詞：Their parents love them very much.

　�。�3）關(guān)系代詞：The book that he is reading is mine.

　　Do you remember the girl whom you met in the party?

　　3.非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：

　�。�1）助動(dòng)詞：The meeting will be cancelled.

　　They do not go to church on Sundays.

　　（2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：He may not go to Shanghai tomorrow.

　　I used to go there.

　　(特殊：need, dare, do)

　　4.連詞：

　�。�1）并列連詞：I won’t do it, for I don’t think it’s right.

　　（2）比較連詞：Study as your brother does.

　　He works much harder than you.

　�。�3）從屬連詞：if, when, while, since, now (that), as if

　　5.介詞：about, above, across, after, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beneath,

　　beside, besides, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, near,

　　of, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, to towards, under, until, till, up,

　　with

　�、缯f明：

　　1.不重讀的詞，元音弱化。

　　2.雙音節(jié)的介詞、連詞，可重讀：after, before, upon, because

　　3. up, down, in, on,作為副詞，重讀。

　　Go on, please. / Pull the body up from the water. / Let me in. / Put down the book.

　　4.形容詞+名詞：兩個(gè)詞都重讀。

　　He is a fine young man. / It’s been like this every day for two years.

　　5.虛詞重讀的情況：

　　（1）強(qiáng)調(diào)：I didn’t know you were leaving.

　　Yes, I saw that the key was in the box.

　�。�2）句首介詞：On the day of his arrival, his grandpa died.

　　（3）句末的be和助動(dòng)詞：Where can he be?

　　Do you live here? --- Yes, I do.

　�。�4）be和助動(dòng)詞與not的縮寫式：Speak louder. I can’t hear you. Isn’t it lovely?

　�。�5）be和助動(dòng)詞在句首可重讀，也可不重讀：

　　Is she any better today?

　　Have you finished writing the letter yet?

　　6.有時(shí)某些形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞在句中可不重讀：good, little, please, right

　　Good morning.What a pretty little thing!Come in, please.Here he is, right here.

　　III英語語調(diào)：

　�、褰嫡{(diào)：

　　— Look.He can’t.We haven’t time. What’s the time?

　　I should like you to come immediately after tea.

　　— I suppose it couldn’t possibly happen again.

　　They managed to catch the last bus into town.

　　She gave him a letter and told him to post it, but not to take long about it.

　　[Eg.]

　　You must take him home.

　　I’ll come as soon as I can.

　　We’ve been trying to get in touch with you all day.

　　How can I help you?

　　How far is it from here to the airport?

　　Who’s coming with me?

　　Where did you say you had put my glasses?

　　They promised to come to see me on their arrival.

　　It’s been a very enjoyable evening for all of us.

　　They had dinner at restaurant, and they went to a show.

　　I went to my brother’s room for the box, but the door was locked, so I couldn’t get it.

　　Stand up.Sit down.Come again tomorrow. A cup of coffee for me！What a pity!

　　How interesting!What lovely weather!How late you are!

　　㈡升調(diào)：

　　Doesn’t she? Have you spoken to him? Did anyone remember to lock the front door?

　　That’s right. What is your name? What can I do for you?

　　[Eg.]

　　Yes?Me? Where? Fine?These?Do you know? May I come in?Are you on the phone?Did you enjoy it? Can you manage? Can I help you?

　　Have you heard the latest news? Do you mind if I open the window?

　　That’s all. That’s enough. Keep on trying. If you like. I beg your pardon.

　　Let me know how you get on.I’m Richard, R-I-C-H-A-R-D.

　　One, two, three, four, five altogether. July the seventh, nineteen, ninety seven.

　　I like oranges, bananas, apples and pears.

　�、缍嗾Z調(diào)群：

　　1.升—降：

　　（1）狀語/狀語分句+主句：After the game, we had some tea. / When he came, I asked

　　him to tea.

　�。�2）選擇問句：Shall we go to the cinema or visit some friends?

　�。�3）含有名詞性分句或非限制性關(guān)系分句的句子：

　　Everybody says that it is an excellent film.

　　How he got there remains unknown.

　　My brother, whose wife is a doctor, has gone abroad.

　　[Eg.]（1）In spite of the rain, they all came as they promised.

　　Although she was very poor, she was extremely honest.

　　So hard did he work, that he was quite worn out.

　　Without knowing what she was doing, she began to cry.

　　（2）Shall I go there or will you come here?

　　Do you want to go out or stay home?

　　Are we going to get married or live together like this all our lives?

　�。�3）The question is how we get in touch with him.

　　Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself.

　　2.降—升：

　�。�1）主句+狀語/狀語分句：I’d like to buy a new one, if I could afford it.

　�。�2）反義疑問句（對答案無把握）：You live on the campus, don’t you?

　�。�3）祈使句+附加問句：Have some tea, will you?

　　[Eg.]（1）We can walk there if there’s time.

　　You’ll be late if you don’t hurry up.

　　We must put up with it, since it can’t be helped.

　　We have very little snow here as a rule.

　�。�2）It’s going to snow, isn’t it?

　　We must move to Hong Kong, mustn’t we?

　　There won’t be enough time, will there?

　　She hasn’t finished her composition, has she?

　�。�3）Make it next Monday, shall we?

　　Shut the door, will you?

　　Be a good girl, will you?

　　Don’t worry, will you?

　　3.降—降：

　�。�1）反義疑問句（對答案有把握）：

　　He’s an honest man, isn’t he?

　　She doesn’t work hard, does she?

　�。�2）主句+分句(分句語氣肯定)：

　　I will talk to him about it when he comes.

　　Let’s get started since you’re all here.

　�。�3）并列句（意思聯(lián)系不太密切）：

　　You’ve worked very well so far, keep it up.

　　Don’t beat about the bush and come to the point.

　　[Eg.]（1）It’s fine day, isn’t it?

　　It’s about the Second World War, isn’t it?

　　Samprass took the first prize, didn’t he?

　　You like coffee, don’t you?

　�。�2）There was no one in the room when I got there.

　　I’ll send a car for you if you give me your number.

　　I began to prepare dinner as soon as I got home.

　　She begged me to stay when I insisted going.

　�。�3）I don’t want to make a decision at once, I’ll talk it over with John.I can never talk easily with him; we seem to have nothing in commen.None of us is perfect; we all make mistakes.

　　There of the speakers are strongly for; one is strongly against.

　�、韬�插入語句子的語調(diào)：

　　1.句首：Of course, he’s a great man.

　　2.句中：This, I think, is the right way to do it.

　　When, do you suppose, you’ll finish the job.

　　3.句末：That’s a difficult problem, to be sure.

　　He may be late, I’m afraid.

　　㈤同位語與其同位成分的語調(diào)：

　　1.升—升：Have you seen the film. Gone with the wind?

　　2.降—降：Our university lies in a suburb of Beijing, the capital of China.

　�、旰�稱呼語的語調(diào)組合：

　　1.句首：

　　降—降：My brother, don’t be silly.

　　降—升：Mom, isn’t this skirt too short for me?

　　2.句中：

　　升—降：I say, Zona, you do look pale.

　　升—升：Hello, Bill, can’t I help you?

　　3.句末：I’m not cold, father.

　　What’s happened, Susan?

　　Aren’t you going to call me, Mr. Richard?

　　Will you play the piano with me, Jones?

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