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1995-2002年考研長難句24句(3)
17.Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
[句子主干]Some philosophers argue that…, as part of an exchange of…
[語法難點]該句仍為主從復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements充當了補充語的角色。
[句子翻譯] 有些哲學(xué)家論證說,權(quán)利只存在社會契約中,是責(zé)任與利益相交換的一部分。
[翻譯技巧]要正確選擇contract的詞義,不要譯成從此“收縮,縮小”。argue不要譯成“爭論”,而要靈活處理成“論證說”。
18.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.
[句子主干]It leads the discussion…: it invites you to think that…, or with…
[語法難點]有并列從句和省略。冒號把句子分成兩部分,后一部分對前面部分作進一步解釋說明。前面部分是簡單句。后面部分是復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,主語是animals,謂語是should be treated,either… or…引導(dǎo)兩個介詞短語作狀語,either引導(dǎo)的介詞短語中,humans extend to other humans是一個省略引導(dǎo)詞that的定語從句。
[句子翻譯] 這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端,它使人們認為應(yīng)這樣對待動物:要么像對人類自身一樣關(guān)切體諒,要么完全冷漠無情。
[翻譯技巧]it 的所指要明確。leads the discussion to extremes譯成“將討論引向兩個極端”,at the outset譯成“從一開始”。注意把被動句譯為主動句,更合乎漢語習(xí)慣。
19.Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
[句子主干]Arguing from the view that humans are…, extremists of this…
[語法難點]有套和從句。逗號前面是一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語,作狀語,里面又有一個that從句作the view的同位語,逗號后面的that從句是一個賓語從句。
[句子翻譯] 這類人持極端看法,認為人與動物在各相關(guān)方面都不相同,對待動物無須考慮道德問題。
[翻譯技巧]in every relevant respect譯成“各相關(guān)方面”,不要把respect 譯成“尊重”;extremists為極端主義者;let outside the area of moral choice譯成“不在道德范圍內(nèi),不關(guān)乎道德”。
20.When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind#39;s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
[句子主干]When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is ….instinct…, an instinct that should be…
[語法難點]以冒號為界,將全句分成兩個復(fù)合句。前面的復(fù)合句里,時間狀語從句when that happens敘述的是前一句to see…的情形的出現(xiàn)。That修飾這種行為,主句表明這種行為并不錯。冒號后面的復(fù)合句解釋為什么。這里有一個that從句,作instinct的定語。
[句子翻譯] 這種反應(yīng)并不錯,這是人類用道德觀念進行推理的本能在起作用,這種本能應(yīng)得到鼓勵而不應(yīng)遭到嘲弄。
[翻譯技巧]將that,it等代詞具體化,使譯文表達明確;reasoning不能譯成“原因”,而應(yīng)譯為“推理,推論”;in action不能譯成“在行動中”,而譯成“在起作用”,action在此是“作用,性能”的意思;翻譯被動語態(tài)時,使用“得到”,“遭到”等,使譯文流暢自然。
21.The Aswan Dam, for example stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
[句子主干]The Aswan Dam, …stopped the Nile flooding…but…
[語法難點]有插入語。for example是個插入結(jié)構(gòu),不是句子的主要成分。but后面省略了the Aswan Dam。注意so…that…結(jié)構(gòu),是“如此……以至于”的意思。
[句子翻譯] 以阿斯旺大壩為例,它擋住了尼羅河的洪水,但也使埃及失去了洪水沖積的肥沃土壤,換回來的卻是一個病態(tài)的大水庫。現(xiàn)在水庫積滿泥沙,幾乎不能用于發(fā)電了。
[翻譯技巧]the Nile是尼羅河。All in return意思是“換回來的全部則是”。
22.The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.
[句子主干]The trouble is that…is due to …, and so is not …
[語法難點]有套和從句。the trouble is that…是表語從句結(jié)構(gòu)。后一個that引導(dǎo)的是修飾rebound的定語從句。
[句子翻譯] 問題在于,近期的增長一定程度上是因為商業(yè)運作周期漲落的結(jié)果,因此還不能得出經(jīng)濟已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)復(fù)蘇態(tài)勢這一結(jié)論。
[翻譯技巧]part of the recent acceleration不可譯為“一部分的最近的加速”,而是“最近加速部分是由于”。business cycle是指“商業(yè)周期”。
23.New ways of organizing the workplace all that reengineering and downsizing - are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.
[句子主干]New ways of …workplace…are only one contribution to…, which is…, and…
[語法難點]有插入語。兩個破折號中間的成分為插入結(jié)構(gòu),可以視為括號里面的內(nèi)容。Such as后面的內(nèi)容是對many other factors的列舉。在閱讀的時候基本可以跳過不看,除非后面有細節(jié)題考查這里的內(nèi)容。
[句子翻譯] 組織工作場所的新方法——包括機構(gòu)重組和縮小規(guī)模——只是促進某個經(jīng)濟實體的綜合生產(chǎn)率提高的一項措施,還有其他許多因素促進生產(chǎn)率的提高,比如對機械設(shè)備的聯(lián)合投資、采用新技術(shù)、對教育培訓(xùn)投資等。
[翻譯技巧]all that譯為“這一切包括”。overall productivity譯為“綜合生產(chǎn)力水平”。Joint investment譯為“聯(lián)合投資”。Drive譯為“驅(qū)動”。
24.His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability.
[句子主干]His colleague,…, says that… ,chopping out costs without giving…
[語法難點]有省略。chopping out costs without giving sufficient …分句是非限定性定語從句。修飾的是前一分句的整體意思。without后面要跟現(xiàn)在分詞giving。
[句子翻譯] 他的同時邁克爾·比爾說,為數(shù)眾多的公司以簡單機械的方式進行機構(gòu)重組,降低了成本,但卻未能充分考慮長期贏利。
[翻譯技巧]far too many譯為“太多的(比實際需要)”。re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion應(yīng)譯為“以簡單機械的方式”。chop out譯為“削減”。http://m.dameics.com/
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