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common law的翻譯

時間:2024-07-27 10:09:46 海潔 法律英語 我要投稿
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common law的翻譯

  在日常學(xué)習(xí)、工作或生活中,大家一定都接觸過一些使用較為普遍的句子吧,句子是語言運用的基本單位,它由詞、詞組(短語)構(gòu)成。究竟什么樣的句子才是好的句子呢?下面是小編幫大家整理的common law的翻譯,僅供參考,希望能夠幫助到大家。

  提到“English law”我們就會條件反射,聯(lián)想到“common law”這個概念,甚至把兩者誤解為同一概念。其實,“English law”是“English law ”,“common law”是“common law”,“English common law”又是“English common law”。

  漢語中,人們往往把“common law”說成是“普通法”、“習(xí)慣法”、“不成文法”、“判例法”,甚至有時在一定上下文中被當(dāng)作了“事實上”的代名詞——如:“common law marriage”就被說成是“事實婚姻”:“common law wife”便被說成是“事實上的妻子”。嚴(yán)格說,上述種種說法大多是人們對“common law”的——種詮釋(“interpretation”),而不是什么翻譯(“translation”)。其中可算作翻譯的,唯“普通法”而已。

  “common law”之譯為“普通法”,似已“約定俗成”了,但是是否確切呢?在其尚未在廣大讀者間“約定俗成”前,尚不無商討之實際意義。

  形容詞“common”具有:“共同的”、“普通的”、“粗俗的”、“低劣的”、“(數(shù))共通的”、“(語)通(性)的”與“通(俗)的”等七類釋義。按此,則“common law”之譯作“普通法”,是于詞典有據(jù)的了。但是,詞典上不是有七類釋義嗎?此處譯作“普通法”,采用的顯然是第二類釋義。然則,這樣取義對不對呢?能不能另取他義,比如說取第一類釋義而譯作“共同法”呢?為什么“Common Market”譯作“共同市場”,而不譯作“普通市場”呢?

  這就牽扯到一個翻譯上“具體詞義具體確定——具體詞語具體翻譯”的原則了。說得更明確一些:“common”一詞在“common law”這一合成詞中的具體涵義是什么?是“普通”還是“共同”?請看下列引文便知分曉:

  1.……the common law has in itself a number of historical sources which were, prior to Conquest, embodied in local custom. The unique contribution of the Norman Conquest, was to unify these local customs into one system of law common to all men, for this reason termed the "common law".

  ——Walker & Walker, The English Legal system, London l976, The English Legal system, London l976, p.3

  2.The common law is so called because it was commonly applied throughout the kingdom of England.

  ——You and the Law, Readers Digest Association, Inc.,

  由此可見,英國的“common law”是以其區(qū)別于前英國各地各種各樣不統(tǒng)一的習(xí)慣而使之統(tǒng)一為在全國各地共同適用為其特征的,故漢語譯之為“普通法”顯然不如“共同法”之切合原意——哪怕譯成“普遍法”也許也要比“普通法”略勝一籌吧。

  以“普通法”譯“common law”的另一個嚴(yán)重缺點,則在于其易滋歧義——“普通法”可以被誤解為另一法學(xué)概念“特別法”的對立概念。 由此得出的體會是:

  甲。 法律翻譯工作要求譯者不但是精通語言的,而且也是精通比較法學(xué)的;

  乙。 約定俗成只是翻譯諸規(guī)律之一而千萬不能捧之為翻譯的最高原則,更不能容忍它成為在翻譯中實事求是、尊重科學(xué)、服從真理、從善如流的絆腳石。

  實用場景例句

  Canadian libel law is based on Englishcommon law.

  加拿大的誹謗法是以英國的習(xí)慣法為基礎(chǔ)的。

  柯林斯高階英語詞典

  ...hiscommon lawwife.

  他的事實婚姻妻子

  This is exception not exceptionalcommon law.

  這是概不例外的普遍規(guī)律.

  Chapter four is about jurisdiction under Englishcommon law.

  第四章為依普通法確定的管轄權(quán).

  One of the tort forms of the law of tort incommon lawsystem is nuisance.

  侵?jǐn)_侵權(quán)訴訟制度是英美侵權(quán)法中一種重要的侵權(quán)訴訟形式.

  Over 300 statutory andcommon lawoffences are covered Duty Lawyer Services Standard List of Offences.

  包括超過300種法定和普通法的控罪,詳情請參看[控罪范圍一覽表].

  The connection betweencommon lawand Roman law.

  第一節(jié):論證英美法和羅馬法的聯(lián)系.

  The unity of content and form announced thecommon lawof issue of workshop exercise planning.

  內(nèi)容與形式的統(tǒng)一揭示了車間作業(yè)計劃編制問題的一般規(guī)律.

  A party detained without any warrant must sue out his habeas corpus atcommon law.

  受到無理拘留的一方需根據(jù)習(xí)慣法向法院要求人身保護.

  Well, incommon lawthe husband owns all of his wifes personal possessions, even her clothing.

  噢, 按照習(xí)慣法,妻子的一切所有物, 包括她的衣服在內(nèi),都?xì)w丈夫所有.

  The ownership reservation lies in both the cival law system and thecommon lawsystem.

  所有權(quán)保留制度是英美法和大陸法所共有的制度.

  Common law( and civil law ) is one of the nomoses.

  普通法 ( 及私法 ) 就是這樣一種規(guī)則.

  Your rights are safeguarded by both the United States Constitution and statecommon law.

  你的權(quán)利受美國憲法以及州普通法的保護.

  Manslaughter was defined atcommon lawas an unlawful killing of another without malice.

  非預(yù)謀殺人在普通法中被定義為沒有預(yù)謀地非法殺害他人的行為.

  We will maintain our legal system, grounded, like Singapores, in thecommon law.

  我們會致力維持香港本身的法律制度, 這個制度一如新加坡, 是建基于普通法的.

  Contract law has its sources in bothcommon lawand statute.

  合同法的淵源來自于普通法和制定法.

  This article concludes that thecommon lawwrits are different from the interdictum in Roman law.

  文章認(rèn)為普通法上的令狀不同于羅馬法上的令狀.

  Chapter two delineates minutely the basic rule concerning the bail in majorcommon lawcountries.

  第二章為英美法系保釋制度的基本內(nèi)容.

  The key operation of thecommon lawsystem is to follow precedent.

  普通法系判例法的運作關(guān)鍵,在于對先例的遵循.

  Constitution prevails over statutes, and statutes prevail overcommon lawprinciples established in court decisions.

  憲法高于成文法, 而成文法高于法院判決確定的普通法原則.

  The need and the usefulness of a bilingual publication of thecommon lawcases are apparent.

  顯然而見,以雙語出版普通法案例是有需要的,帶來的好處亦不少.

  Thecommon lawprinciples in relation to voidable contracts have been modified by statues.

  普通法與可撤銷合同有關(guān)的原則已被成文法作出一些修改.

  Rules of examination to Testimonium ofcommon lawand law system have distinct features and advantages.

  英美法系和大陸法系關(guān)于證人證言質(zhì)證的規(guī)定各有特色,也都有利弊.

  Thecommon lawcourts developed the remedy of damages for this purpose.

  介于此目的,一般法院發(fā)展成為一種彌補損害的工具.

  It was an essential of thecommon lawcrime of larceny.

  它是構(gòu)成普通法中的盜竊罪的必要條件.

  Here, you are welcome to raise any legal issues from anycommon lawjurisdiction.

  歡迎你來到我的論壇.我是一名外國律師,歡迎你跟我討論任何普通法系中的法律問題.

  The choice ofcommon lawwas supposed to tackle the constitutional limits of national political remedy.

  而選擇普通法內(nèi)容,則意在解決國家政治救助途徑的憲法局限.

  Urbanization iscommon lawand inevitable trend of development and progress of the economic society.

  城鎮(zhèn)化是經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展進步的共同規(guī)律與必然趨勢.

  Canadian libel law is based on Englishcommon law.

  加拿大的誹謗法是以英國的習(xí)慣法為基礎(chǔ)的。

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