法國(guó)和尚開(kāi)創(chuàng)網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)以后History

　)　"The Origins of Tennis" told us:  most historians credit the first origins of the game to 11th or 12th century French monks, who began playing a crude handball against their monastery walls or over a rope strung across a courtyard.

　　從《和尚在寺院發(fā)明網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)？Origins》 中我們了解到：大多的歷史學(xué)家把網(wǎng)球的歷史歸于11、12世紀(jì)的法國(guó)和尚，這些和尚曾拿著粗糙的球打向寺院的墻壁，或者打過(guò)栓在院子里的繩子。 

　　The nobility learned the game from the monks later, and some accounts report as many as 1800 courts in France by the 13th century. The game became such a popular diversion, both the Pope and Louis IV tried unsuccessfully to ban it. It soon spread to England, where both Henry VII and Henry VIII were avid players who promoted the building of more courts.

　　后來(lái)，社會(huì)上流人士就從這些和尚那里學(xué)到了這種游戲。據(jù)說(shuō)約在13世紀(jì)的法國(guó)，大約1800個(gè)球場(chǎng)都玩這種游戲。這種活動(dòng)風(fēng)靡一時(shí)，教皇和路易四世曾經(jīng)一度禁止，但是以破產(chǎn)告終。隨后，它很快地傳到了英國(guó)，那時(shí)亨利七世和八世是網(wǎng)球的癡迷者，他們還下令建造很多網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)地。

　　By the year 1500, a wooden frame racquet strung with sheep gut was in common use, as was a cork-cored ball weighing around three ounces. The early tennis courts were quite different from the modern "lawn tennis" court most of us are used to. The early game matured into what is now called "real tennis," and England’s Hampton Court, built in 1625, is still used today. Only a handful of such courts remain. It’s a narrow, indoor court where the ball is played off walls that include a number of openings and oddly angled surfaces toward which the players aim for various strategic purposes. The net is five feet high on the ends, but three feet in the middle, creating a pronounced droop.

　　在1500年，一種木制的用羊腸子纏繞的拍子被發(fā)明并且得到廣泛應(yīng)用。同時(shí)還有一種軟木內(nèi)核重3盎司的球也得到的應(yīng)用。那時(shí)的場(chǎng)地和現(xiàn)在草坪網(wǎng)球的場(chǎng)地大不相同。早期的網(wǎng)球演化為今日的網(wǎng)球，其中英國(guó)的HAMPTON網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)建于1625年，今天仍然被使用著�，F(xiàn)在這樣的古老場(chǎng)地所存不多了。這種場(chǎng)地很狹窄，室內(nèi)型，其設(shè)計(jì)仍然是為了網(wǎng)球玩家把球投向墻壁，墻壁有的地方可能向前突出，為了玩家的特殊技巧所設(shè)計(jì)。網(wǎng)子兩端有25英尺高，而中間只有三英尺，呈明顯下坡趨勢(shì)。

　　The game’s popularity dwindled almost to zero during the 1700s, but in 1850, Charles Goodyear invented a vulcanization process fo

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