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中考英語復(fù)習(xí) 語法詞法Ⅰ

時(shí)間:2023-05-02 03:30:43 初中英語教案 我要投稿
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中考英語復(fù)習(xí) 語法(詞法Ⅰ)

語法(詞法Ⅰ)

一.考點(diǎn)透視

中考英語復(fù)習(xí) 語法(詞法Ⅰ)

知識與能力要求

重難點(diǎn)問題歸納

中考熱點(diǎn)分析預(yù)測

應(yīng)試策略

二.知識講解

名詞

代詞

冠詞

數(shù)詞

形容詞、副詞

介詞

三.典型例題

四.強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練及答案

一.考點(diǎn)透視

【知識與能力要求】

1.掌握所學(xué)單詞的形態(tài)變化。

2.掌握簡單句的五種基本句型,四筆頭練習(xí)基本正確。

3.能理解不復(fù)雜的、含有狀語從句或賓語從句的復(fù)合句。

4.掌握動(dòng)詞的五種基本時(shí)態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))的基本用法。

5.能理解并初步掌握過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)的基本用法。

6.掌握一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(包括含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))、一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法。

7.掌握動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語的用法(作主語和定語的用法只要求理解)。

【重難點(diǎn)問題歸納】

語法知識是在掌握一定量的單詞和短語的基礎(chǔ)上才能獲得的。因此,單詞的形態(tài)變化和簡單句的五種基本句型是語法學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)之基礎(chǔ)。五種基本時(shí)態(tài)和含有不復(fù)雜的狀語從句及賓語從句的復(fù)合句是初中畢業(yè)班學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)也是語法學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)。五種基本時(shí)態(tài)中的一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法及其區(qū)別是學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)。狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)問題,賓語從句中的主語和謂語的語序問題是學(xué)生感到頭痛的問題。被動(dòng)語態(tài)是中國學(xué)生最不喜歡學(xué)習(xí)和使用的一種語態(tài)。因此,學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí),時(shí)常感覺到很困難。動(dòng)詞不定式是初中英語語法中的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。不定式在句中作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語等用法均要求掌握,特別是一些動(dòng)詞,有些后面要求跟不定式作賓語,有些則要求跟動(dòng)詞一ing形式作賓語。

總之,語法部分是英語學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。語法知識掌握得好,將大大加快英語學(xué)習(xí)的進(jìn)程。

【中考熱點(diǎn)分析預(yù)測】

語法部分歷年來是中考的必考內(nèi)容?荚嚨姆秶鷱V,涉及單詞詞形變化、基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)、五種基本時(shí)態(tài)搬動(dòng)語態(tài)、不定式用法以及狀語從句、賓語從句,等等。近年來,在教學(xué)改革方面加大了對聽說教學(xué)的力度,初中段以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的交際能力為主,為高中段的英語學(xué)習(xí)打好基礎(chǔ),對語法知識的要求作了調(diào)整,降低了難度,但考查的范圍并沒有減小。單純考語法知識的題比以前明顯減少。試題往往設(shè)置一個(gè)情景,在對話中考查時(shí)態(tài)及基本句型。當(dāng)然,有些語法項(xiàng)目設(shè)置在單句中,如:不定式、被動(dòng)語態(tài)以及詞語搭配。

語言學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)積累的過程,不記住相當(dāng)數(shù)量的詞語、習(xí)慣用語。句型和語法規(guī)則,是學(xué)不好英語的。因此,對詞形變換、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)以及常用的五種基本時(shí)態(tài)的考查仍將是中考命題的熱點(diǎn)。

【應(yīng)試策略】

動(dòng)詞及其時(shí)態(tài)是英語學(xué)習(xí)最重要的部分,也是學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)也是學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)。賓語從句和狀語從句是復(fù)合句中最重要、最常用的結(jié)構(gòu),是初中畢業(yè)生必須掌握的從句。注意現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法以及句中的副詞(包括時(shí)間副詞)的用法,尤其要注意過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。賓語從句要注意從句結(jié)構(gòu)的語序(連接詞+從句的主語+從句的謂語+……)問題和時(shí)態(tài)問題(主句是過去時(shí),從句必須用過去時(shí)的某種形式);狀語從句要注意在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)與從句一定要在大量課文和對話的句子中反復(fù)操練,才能真正學(xué)會(huì)。只要你在復(fù)習(xí)和應(yīng)試中注意以上幾點(diǎn),考試就一定能取得好成績。

二.知識講解

【名詞】

1.名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)

可數(shù)名詞指表示的人或事物可以用數(shù)來計(jì)量,它有單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。不可數(shù)名詞指所表示的事物不能用數(shù)來計(jì)量。物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目,來統(tǒng)計(jì),都成為不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞前一般不能用冠詞a、an來表示數(shù)量,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。要表示“一個(gè)……”這一概念,就須加a piece of這一類短語。要注意許多名詞在漢語里看來是可數(shù)名詞,在英語里卻不可數(shù)。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。

2.名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

(1)規(guī)則變化

A.一般情況下加-s。

B.以s, x, ch, sh, 結(jié)尾的加-es。

如:bus---buses,box---boxes,watch---watches,brush---brushes

C.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i再加-es。

如:city---cities,country---countries

D.以f,fe結(jié)尾的,去掉f或fe,變成v再加-es。

(2)不規(guī)則變化

A.元音發(fā)生變化。

如:man---men,woman---women,foot---feet,tooth---teeth,mouse---mice

B.詞尾發(fā)生變化。

如:child---children

C.單、復(fù)數(shù)同形。

如:fish---fish,Japanese---Japanese,Chinese---Chinese,sheep---sheep

3.物質(zhì)名詞(不可數(shù)名詞)量的表示方法

(1)用much,a little,a lot of等表示

(2)用容器表示

a bowl of rice,a glass of water,a cup of tea,a piece of,orange,two glasses of milk,two pieces of paper

4.名詞的所有格

(1) 名詞所有格的構(gòu)成法

A.單數(shù)名詞詞尾加’ s,復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾若沒有s,也要加’ s。

the worker's bike,the Children’ s ball

B.表示幾個(gè)人共有一樣?xùn)|西,只需在最后一個(gè)人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,則需在各個(gè)名字后’ s。如:

This is Lucy and Licy’ s room.

These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms.

C. 如果是通過在詞尾加—s構(gòu)成的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,只加’。如:

the students’ books,the girls’ blouses

(2)名詞+of+名詞

名詞是有生命的,我們就用’s結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系。如果名詞所表示的事物是無生命的,我們就要用名詞+of+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系.如:

the legs of the desk,the door of the room

但在表示名詞所有格時(shí),’ s結(jié)構(gòu)也?赊D(zhuǎn)換成of結(jié)構(gòu)。有些表示時(shí)間,距離、國家、城市等無生命的東西的名詞,也可以加’s來構(gòu)成所有格.如:

ten minutes' walk,today's newspaper

【代詞】

人稱代詞,物主代詞,反身代詞

類別

人稱

主格

賓格

形容詞性

物主代詞

名詞性

物主代詞

反身代詞

第一人稱

單數(shù)

I

me

my

mine

myself

復(fù)數(shù)

we

us

our

ours

ourselves

第二人稱

單數(shù)

you

you

your

yours

yourself

復(fù)數(shù)

you

you

your

yours

yourselves

第三人稱

單數(shù)

he

him

his

his

himself

she

her

her

hers

herself

it

it

its

its

itself

復(fù)數(shù)

they

them

their

theirs

themselves

1.人稱代詞

人稱代詞it的特殊用法:一般it指“它”,但在表示天氣、時(shí)間、距離等時(shí),用it來代替,此時(shí)的it并不譯為“它”。

當(dāng)三個(gè)人稱代詞(單數(shù))同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí),其先后順序?yàn)閥ou,he,I。而復(fù)數(shù)一般采用we,you,they順序。

2.物主代詞

物主代詞的用法:

形容詞性物主代詞后面一定要跟上一個(gè)名詞。

名詞性物主代詞可作主語、表語、賓語。

3.反身代詞

1)反身代詞的構(gòu)成分兩種:第一、二人稱反身代詞在形容詞:性物主代詞后加上self或selves,第三人稱的反身代詞在賓格代詞后加上self或selves.

2)反身代詞的用法:一種是作賓語,由主語發(fā)出的動(dòng)作又回到動(dòng)作者本身。

如:I enjoyed myself at the party.另一種是作名詞或代詞的同位語;用來加強(qiáng)語氣。如:I can do it myself.

3)初中階段由反身代詞構(gòu)成的常用詞組有:enjoy oneself,help oneself to,learn by oneself,teach oneself,(all)by oneself,leave...by oneself,lose oneself in等,在運(yùn)用反身代詞時(shí),應(yīng)注意它在數(shù)、性別上與哪一個(gè)保持一致。試比較:

“Help yourselves to some fish,Tom and Mike.”與I can’t leave the girl by herself.

指示代詞

指示代詞的特殊用法:

(1)為了避免重復(fù),可用that,those代替前面提到過的名詞,但是this,these不可以。

(2)this,that有時(shí)可代替句子或句子中的一部分。

不定代詞

主要不定代詞的用法:

(1)one的用法

A. one作為代詞可以指人,也可以指物。

B. one,ones (one的復(fù)數(shù)形式) 可用來代替前面出現(xiàn)過的少數(shù)名詞,以避免重復(fù)。

C. one的前面可用this,that,the,which等詞來修飾。

D. 常有a+形容詞+one這一形式。

it和one的用法區(qū)別:it用來指特定的東西,而one則用于替代不特定的東西。

(2)some和any的用法區(qū)別

A. some,any可與單、復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞連用。some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于否定句,疑問句和條件句中。

B. some,any與—thing,—body,—one構(gòu)成的合成詞的用法與some,any一樣。

C.在疑問句中,一般不用some,只有當(dāng)問句表示一種邀請或者請求,或期待一個(gè)肯定的回答時(shí)才能用some。

D. some在否定句中表示半否定,any表示全否定。

E.some用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示“某個(gè)”而不是“一些”。

(3)other,another的用法

數(shù)

種類

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)

泛指

another=an other

other (boys)

others

特指

the other

the other (boys)

the others

功能

作主語、賓語、定語

作定語

作主語、賓語

A. another=another"另一個(gè)”,泛指眾多者中的另一個(gè),在原有基礎(chǔ)上自然增加的另一個(gè)。一般后面接單數(shù)名詞,前面不能加定冠詞。有時(shí)another可以用在復(fù)數(shù)名詞前表示“又”“再”,如:

I want to have another two cakes.我想再吃兩個(gè)蛋糕。

B.the other表示兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè),常與one連用。常見形式是“one...the other...”。

C. other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=others

D. the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=the others

(4) a11、both的用法

both表示“兩者都……”,而a11表示“三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物都……”。

a11、both在句中放在be動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及助動(dòng)詞之后,放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。

(5) each和every的用法

A. each用來指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物中的一個(gè)。every則指兩個(gè)以上的人或物中的一個(gè)。

B. 從含義和語法功能上看,each是“單個(gè)”的意思,側(cè)重個(gè)體,在句中可作主語、同位語、定語和賓語。而every是“每一個(gè)”之意,側(cè)重全體、整體、共性。在句中只能作定語,也就是說它后面必須跟著名詞。而由every構(gòu)成的合成詞后面絕不能跟名詞。

(6)either,neither,both的用法

either:指兩者中的任意一個(gè)。作主語謂語用單數(shù)。

neither:指兩者都不,全否定。作主語謂語用單數(shù)。

both:指兩者都。作主語謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

(7)many和much

many只能和復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用。

much只能和不可數(shù)名詞連用。

注意:

a lot of/lots of / plenty of=much/many

a large/great number of=many

a great/good deal of=much

(8)few,a few,little,a little

few,little表示否定含義,“很少”“幾乎沒有”;a few,a little表示肯定含義,有一些”。few,a few用在可數(shù)名詞前,little,a little用在不可數(shù)名詞前。

【冠詞】

1.不定冠詞an用在元音讀音開頭(不是指元音字母)的詞前,其余用不定冠詞a.

2.定冠詞的基本用法

A.用在重新提到的人或事物前面。

B. 指談話雙方都知道的人或事物前面。

C用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面,表示某一類人或事物。

3.定冠詞的特殊用法

A.用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物或方位名詞前。

B. 用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級及only所修飾的名詞前。

C用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱前面。

D.用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞所構(gòu)成的專有名詞前面。

E.用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前面,表示全家人或這一姓的夫婦二人。

F.用在樂器名稱前。

G. 和某些形容詞連用,表示某一類人或事物。

4.名詞前不用冠詞的情況

A. 在專有名詞 (包括人名、地名、節(jié)日、月份、季節(jié)) 、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前—般不用冠詞。但在以Festival組成的民間節(jié)日前要加the。

B. 表示一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。

C. 名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時(shí),不用冠詞。

D. 三餐飯、球類、棋類、游戲名稱前一般不用冠詞。正在有些詞組中,有無冠詞含義不同。

(sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌邊

go to school去上學(xué);go to the school去那所學(xué)校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那個(gè)醫(yī)院里

【數(shù)詞】

1.?dāng)?shù)字的表示

三位數(shù)數(shù)詞要在百位和十位(若無十位則和個(gè)位)之間加and。

1,000以上的數(shù)字,從后向前第三位數(shù)加一個(gè)“,”,第一個(gè)“,”前為thousand,第二個(gè)“,”前為million,第三個(gè)“,”前為billion。

2.序數(shù)詞除了first,second,third外,其余都在基數(shù)詞尾加-th構(gòu)成。

3.分?jǐn)?shù)分子在前,分母在后,分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,當(dāng)分子大于1小時(shí),分母序數(shù)詞要變成復(fù)數(shù)。

4.Hundreds(thousands,millions)of……用法。

【形容詞,副詞】

形容詞

1.形容詞的位置

(1)形容詞作定語一般要放在名詞前面,但當(dāng)形容詞修飾不定代詞something,nothing,anything時(shí)要放在所修飾的不定代詞之后。如:something important,nothing serious。

(2)當(dāng)形容詞帶有表示度量的詞或詞組作定語或表語時(shí),定語或表語要后置。如:

We have dug a hole two meters deep.

The hole is about two metres deep.

2.形容詞的比較等級

(1) 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞,在詞尾加—(e)r,—(e)st來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,在前面加more,most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。如:

popular———more popular———most popular

important—more important—most important

(2) 不規(guī)則變化

原級 比較級 最高級

good better best

well

bad worse worst

ill

old older oldest

elder eldest

many more most

much

little less least

far farther farthest

further furthest

3. 形容詞比較級的用法

形容詞比較級通?煞譃樵、比較級、最高級三種基本形式,具體而言,它們分別以下列形式出現(xiàn)在句中:

它們分別以下列形式出現(xiàn)在句中:

(1)as+原級+as

(2)比較級+than

(3)the+最高級+of (in)...

需注意的原級的用法:

(1)否定結(jié)構(gòu)有A..。not as+形容詞原級+as B及A...not so +形容詞原級+as B兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。

(2)表示倍數(shù)有...times as+形容詞原級+as的句型。如:

This garden is ten times as large as that one.

This room is twice as large as that one.

(3)half as+形容詞原級+as表示“……的一半”。

如:This book is half as thick as that one.

需注意的比較級的用法:

(1)than后面接代詞時(shí),一般要用主格,但在口語中工也可換成me。

(2)比較級前還可以用much,even,still,a little來修飾。

(3)表示倍數(shù)時(shí),試比較

Our room is twice as large as theirs. 我們的房間是他們的兩倍那樣大。

Our room is twice larger than theirs. 我們的房間比他們的大兩倍。

(4) I’ m two years older than you. 我比你大兩歲。

(5)“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越……”。

如: He becomes fatter and fatter.

(6)"The+比較級…,the+比較級”表示“越……,越……”。如:The busier he is,the happier he feels.他越忙就越高興。

需注意的最高級的用法:

(1)常見結(jié)構(gòu)有:“of+復(fù)數(shù)意義的詞”表示“在……之中的”,“在……中”;“in+范圍、場所”表示“在……之中”。如:

He is the tallest“all the boys”.

China is the greatest in the world.

副詞

1.副詞比較級的構(gòu)成

(1) 單音節(jié)副詞和個(gè)別雙音節(jié)副詞通過加-er,-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。

(2) 絕大多數(shù)副詞借助more,most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。

(3) 少數(shù)副詞的不規(guī)則變化:

原級 比較級 最高級

well better best

badly worse worst

much more most

little less least

far farther farthest

farthest furthest

late later latest

(4) 副詞的最高級前面可以不加定冠詞the。

(5) 常用句型有l(wèi)ike A better than B和like A(the)best of(in)…

其余變化和形容詞類似。

2.常見副詞用法

(1) too, either

Too 一般用于肯定句,常放在句末,否定句時(shí)用either。

(2) ago,before

ago 以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn),和動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)連用。before以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為起點(diǎn),常和過去完成時(shí)連用。當(dāng)before前沒有“一段時(shí)間”而單獨(dú)使用時(shí),泛指“以前”,常和完成時(shí)連用。如:I have heard the man before。我以前聽說過那個(gè)人。

【介詞】

一些容易混淆的介詞

1.表示時(shí)間的at、on、in的用法區(qū)別

at主要表示:

(1)在某具體時(shí)刻之前,如at seven o’ clock,at 7:30。

(2)在固定短語中,如:at noon,at night,at that time,at the age of at the weekend,at Christmas。

On用來表示“在……天”,如:On Monday,On May lst,On Children’s Day。

in用來表示:

(1)在某年、某月、某季節(jié)。

(2)在—段時(shí)間之后,如:in two hours,in a few days。

注意:在純粹地表示在上午/下午/晚上時(shí),用in the morning/afternoon/evening,但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介詞on。如:on Monday morning,on the morning of Children’ s Day。

2. 表示地點(diǎn)的at,in,on的用法區(qū)別

(1) at通常指小地方,in一般指大地方。

(2) at 所指范圍不太明確,in指“在……里”。

(3) in指在內(nèi)部,on指“在……之上”。

3.表示“一段時(shí)間”的for與since的用法區(qū)別

for后面接時(shí)間段,since之后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

4.表示時(shí)間的before與by的用法區(qū)別

before與by都可表示“在……之前”,但by含有“不遲于……”、“到……為止”的意思。如果by后是將來的時(shí)間,則與將來時(shí)連用,若by后是過去的時(shí)間,則與過去完成時(shí)連用。

5.over與above(under與below)

over,above都表示“在……的上面”,over表示“正上方”,而above只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”。above還可表示溫度、水位等“高于”,over還可表示“越過……”。over的反義詞是under,above的反義詞是below.例如:

There is a bridge over the river

Our plane flew above the clouds.

6.表示“用”的with,by,in的用法

with多指用工具,用身體的部位或器官;by表示使用的方法、手段;in指使用某種語言。如:

We see with our eyes.

We go there by bike.

Please say it out in English.

He cut it open with a knife.

介詞的省略

表示時(shí)間介詞at, on, in 的省略

(1) 在 next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, every, each, all等詞前,一般不用 at, in, on.

(2) 在某些名詞詞組前,可以省略(也可不省)如: (on) that day, (in)the year before last

常見搭配

1.動(dòng)詞+介詞,如:

listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at, ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from, worry about ...

2.形容詞+介詞,如:

afraid of, full of, angry with, strict with, busy with, good at, good/bad for, late for, sorry for, ready for, famous for, polite to, far from...

3.名詞+介詞 / 介詞+名詞

key to, visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, at last, at first, for example...

三.典型例題

【名詞】

[例1](1)—How far is your school from here?

—Not very far. It's about twenty ______ walk.

A. minute's B. minutes’ C. minutes D. minute

(2)It is about ______ from the school to my home.

A. ten minutes walk B. ten minutes’ walk

C. ten minutes’ s walk D. ten minute’s walk

分析 上述兩題考查名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及用法。由句意可知空格處所填內(nèi)容是表示距離的名詞,選項(xiàng)中的名詞minute和walk存在所有關(guān)系,因此必須用名詞的所有格。名詞所有格的’s也可以加在一個(gè)短語之后,若該短語最后一個(gè)名詞的詞尾是-s,則只加“’’。如:an hour’s ride, two weeks’ time。因而(1)、(2)小題答案均為B。

[例2] Have you seen ______ at the foot of the hill?

A. any sheep B. some sheeps C. any sheeps D. some sheep

分析 此題考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)的特殊例子。sheep的單復(fù)數(shù)同形;any一般用在疑問句和否定句里,some用在肯定句里。

答案為A

[例3]—Who is the man in the blue car?

—He is ______father.

A. Kate's and Mary's B. Kate and Mary's C. Kate and Mary D. of Kate and Mary

分析 本題考查名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及方法。兩個(gè)并列的所有格,只給第二個(gè)名詞加“’s”。

[例4] (哈爾濱市,2003)---Where is Tom?

--- He’ s left a saying that he has something important to do.

A. excuse B. message C. exercise D. news

分析 此題考查名詞的用法,由a知道選項(xiàng)A、C、D不行,故選B。

答案 選B

解后反思 an excuse(一個(gè)借口),an exercise(一個(gè)練習(xí))……,news(新聞)是不可數(shù)名詞。

[例5] (天津市,2003)He had something to write down and asked me for

A. a paper B. some papers C. some pieces of papers D. a piece of paper

分析 此題考查不可數(shù)名詞的用法。Paper作“紙”講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞,故A、B、C可排除。

答案:選D

解后反思 paper當(dāng)“試卷”、“文件”講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞。類似的詞還有:fish,chicken等。

【代詞】

[例1] 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1)This isn’t _______ (I) book, it must be _______ (you).

2)Is there any milk in the bottle?

Yes, there is ______ (little).

分析 第1小題第一空要用形容詞性物主代詞my,用于修飾名詞book,第二空則要用名詞性物主代詞yours,相當(dāng)于your book。第2小題應(yīng)用a little表示肯定:“有一點(diǎn)兒”。

[例2] There are many trees on________ of the road.

A. both side B. each sides C. both sides D. every side

分析 此題主要考查不定代詞both, each和every的用法。both為“兩者”(都)”,作定語時(shí),其后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞;作主語時(shí),要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。either為“兩者中間的任何一個(gè)(的)”,作定語時(shí),后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞;作主語時(shí),要用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。every意為“每個(gè)(的)”,作定語,只用于三者或三者以上。又因馬路road(rive,street等)只有兩側(cè),所以正確答案只能是C。

[例3] 1) “Help ______ to some mooncakes”, Han Meimei said to the twins.

A. you B. oneself C. yourself D. yourselves

2) —Put on your clothes when you go out.

—Thank you. Mum. I can look after______.

A. me B.I C. ourselves D. myself

分析 這是一組考查反身代詞用法的試題。反身代詞在句中可作賓語、表語和同位語,不能單獨(dú)使用、不能替代主格代詞,但可用在主格代詞后以加強(qiáng)語氣。還常用于某些短語中,如:by oneself獨(dú)自,enjoy oneself 玩得愉快,teach oneself 自學(xué),help oneself to…隨便吃(用)……等。因此上二題答案均為D。

[例4] (廣東省,2003)There is with my computer. It doesn’ t work.

A. nothing wrong B. anything wrong C. wrong something D. something wrong

分析 本題考查形容詞與不定代詞的位置關(guān)系,形容詞修飾不定代詞應(yīng)放在不定代詞之后,而anything用于否定句和疑問句,由It doesn’ t work知選D。

答案:D

解后反思 考慮詞的使用范圍并結(jié)合語境是解決本題的關(guān)鍵。

【冠詞】

[例1] 選擇填空

1)Give me_______, please.

A. a cup tea B. two cup of tea C. two cup D. two cups of tea

2)The teacher passed me _____ paper.

A. a piece B. a piece of C. piece of D. a pair of

第1小題主要考查學(xué)生對可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的掌握情況,tea是不可數(shù)名詞,不能用數(shù)量詞直接修飾,但可以用容器表示量,表容器的名詞可變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式,即可以說two cups of tea,此題選D。第2小題答案選B。paper一詞是不可數(shù)的,要表示“一張紙”,英語應(yīng)為a piece of paper,不能說a paper。

[例2] _____ delicious food you have cooked!

A. How a B. How C. What a D. What

分析 不定冠詞表示數(shù)量,類似“-”,修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞前不可用a、an修飾。在感嘆句“What a/an+ adj.+ n.+(主+謂)!”結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞必是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。若是不可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)用“What+ adj.+ n.+(主+謂)!”結(jié)構(gòu)。句中food是不可數(shù)名詞,故答案為D。

[例3] (1)We always have______ rice for ______lunch.

A. /; / B. the; / C. /; a D. the; the

(2)It’s half past four in the afternoon. The students are playing _____ basketball now.

A. / B. an C. a D. the

分析 下列情況不用任何冠詞:1)專用名詞(John、England)、物質(zhì)名詞(food,rice,water)等前;2)一日三餐的名詞前;3)在表示球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前。因此第(1)小題正確答案應(yīng)為A;第(2)小題答案為A。

[例4] (天津市,2003)---What’ s the matter with you?

----I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed

A.a(chǎn), / B. a, the C. a, a D. the, the]

分析 本題考查冠詞的用法和習(xí)慣表達(dá)。躺在床上譯為stay in bed,而感冒譯為catch cold或catch a cold,但cold有形容詞修飾時(shí)則a不可省略。

答案:選A

【數(shù)詞】

[例1] 1) ______ books must he-produced for the children.

A. Many thousands B. Many thousands of

C. Many thousand of D. Many thousand

2) We've planted ______ trees in the centre of our city this year.

A. hundred B. tow hundreds C. hundred of D .hundreds of

分析本題考查數(shù)詞的用法。當(dāng) thousand或 hundred做數(shù)詞時(shí),前面一般加數(shù)來修飾,其本身沒有數(shù)的變化,且后不跟of。當(dāng)它們做名詞時(shí),其復(fù)數(shù)形式為thousands和hundreds,且構(gòu)成thousands of和hundreds of,后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

答案分別為 B、D

[例2] About ____ of the workers in the clothes factory are women.

A. third fifths B. third fifth C. three fifths D. three fifth

分析 此題主要考查英語的分?jǐn)?shù)表示法。分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí),分母的序數(shù)詞后需加“s”。例如:1/3 one third;2/3:two thirds. 通過分析A、B、D三項(xiàng)均錯(cuò),答案為C。

[例3] July is ________ month of the year.

A. seven B. the seventh C. eight D. the eighth

序數(shù)詞用來表示數(shù)目的順序,七月份是一年中的第七個(gè)月,第七個(gè)月的正確表達(dá)為the seventh month,所以此題的正確答案為B。

[例4] (重慶市,2003)My favourite is getting stamps. I need before I have 2500 ones.

A. more one B. any more C. one more D. more than

分析 此題考查數(shù)詞與more相結(jié)合的用法,數(shù)詞+more表示還有(要)……,在此正好符合題意。

答案:選C

解后反思 more than是“多于”之意,any more用于否定句表示“不再”。

【形容詞、副詞】

[例1] In the exam, the ______ you are, the ______ mistakes you'll make.

A. careful; little B. more careful; less

C. more careful; few D. more careful; fewer

分析 “the+比較級……,the+比較級……”這個(gè)句型結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是“越……就越……”或“愈是……則愈是……”。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的比較級可以是形容詞,也可以是副詞。

答案D

[例2] I’m not sure whether Mary can sing ________ Mabel.

A. as well as B. as good as C. so good as D. as better as

分析 此題考查了兩個(gè)知識點(diǎn):(1)副詞和形容詞用法的區(qū)別:(2)as…as句式。句中謂語動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)選副詞。B、C項(xiàng)應(yīng)排除. as…as中間應(yīng)用副詞或形容詞原級,所以答案應(yīng)為A。

[例3] Let’s hope the things can get______.

A. better and better B. well and well C. good and good D. best and best

分析 答案為A。兩個(gè)比較級并列在一起,表示“越來越……”之意,此句主要考查比較級特殊句型“more and more”結(jié)構(gòu),該句式表示持續(xù)不斷變化,其動(dòng)詞常是become, be, get, grew等,又如:Spring has come. It is getting warmer and warmer.

[例4] (甘肅省,2003)I am I want a piece of bread

A. full B. hungry C. tired D. thirsty

分析 此題在語境中考查形容詞的用法。由后句意“我要一塊面包”說名與“餓”有關(guān),故選B。

答案:選B。

[例5] (天津市,2003)In our city,it’ s in July, nut it is even in August.

A. hotter, hottest B. hot, hot C. hotter, hot D. hot, hotter

分析 此題考查形容詞及比較級的用法。前空應(yīng)填原級,后空有even修飾要用比較級,故選D。

答案:選D

解后反思 如下幾個(gè)形容詞的比較級和最高級要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加-er或-est。big-bigger-biggest,hot-hotter-hottest,fat-fatter-fattest,thin-thinner-thinnest,wet-wetter-wettest。簡記為:大(big),熱(hot),濕紙(wet),誰(肥,fat)瘦(thin)?(利用諧音記)

[例6] (山西省太原市,2002)The little girl likes animals. When she heard I would take her to the zoo, she looked at me.

A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily

分析 由句意知C、D可以排除,又此句中l(wèi)ook at是行為動(dòng)詞而不是連系動(dòng)詞,故選B

答案:B

解后反思 形容詞和副詞都具有修飾作用,但是各自修飾的對象不同,形容詞修飾名詞,作定語,或在連系動(dòng)詞后作表語。而副詞修飾行為動(dòng)詞,形容詞或副詞作狀語。

【介詞】

[例1] 用正確的介詞填空。

1)The little girl is looking________ her mother.

2)Thank you ________ your help.

3)Don't read ________ bed.

4)Tom comes ________ the USA.

第1小題要填for,因?yàn)閘ook for是一個(gè)固定詞組,表示尋找的行為。第 2小題填 for,既可說 Thanks for…也可以說 Thank you for…,for后接名詞。第3小題填 in。表示“在床上”in bed,一般不說 on bed。第 4小題come from一個(gè)固定短語,意思相當(dāng)于be from,表示“來自…”。

[例2] China lies_______ the east of Asia and ______ the east of Japan.

A. in; on B. to; to C. to; in D. in; to

解析 表示方位的介詞in, on, to意義各不相同。在范圍內(nèi)的地方用in。China屬于Asia范圍內(nèi),故先用in;不在范圍內(nèi)的地方用to,若兩地相連,則要用介詞on, China和Japan不屬同一范圍且有海相隔,故選擇to。因此答案為D。

四.強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練及答案

【名詞】

選擇正確答案

1. There are forty ______ in our school.

A. women teachers B .teacher women C. woman teachers D. women teacher

2. Mr. Li is one of ______ in the hospital.

A. most popular doctors B. the most popular doctors

C. most popular doctor D. the most popular doctor

3. The sign "NO PHOTOS" means that you can't ______.

A. take pictures B. bring in pictures C. buy any photos D. sell any photos

4. Some of the boys in ______ are afraid of maths exams.

A. Class Three B .the Class Three C. Three Class D .the Three Class

5. Have you got any ______ for us this time?

A. pieces of message B. piece of messages

C. pieces of messages D. messages

6. ______, those mountains will be covered with trees.

A. In a few years time B. After a few years time

C. In a few years’ time D. After a few years time

7. Hong Kong is an SAR while Macao is another. So there are ______ in China.

A. both SAR B. both SARS C. two SAR D. two SARS

8. Look! There are ______ stars up there in the ______.

A. thousands of; sky B. thousands of; air

C. thousand of; sky D. thousand of; air

9. My father lived in ______ for some ten years.

A. city Beijing B. the Beijing city C. Beijing of city D. the city of Beijing

10. Just from the ______ I know it's Liu Minjun.

A. noise B. voice C. sound D .sing

11. —Where are the other two students?

—They're in ______.

A. teacher's office B. teachers' office

C. the teacher office D. the teachers' office

12. —How many ______ have you next term?

—Let me see. We'll have eight.

A. lesson B. subjects C. days D. class

13. My uncle's full name is David Edward Hartpode. His family name is ______.

A. Edward B. Hartpode C. David D. David Hartpode

14. He writes more carefully than ______ in his class.

A. any student B. any other student C. any other students D. all students

15. This new kind ______ can do half the work.

A. of tractor B. tractor C. of a tractor D. a tractor

16. John is very happy to have a ______ training.

A. two weeks B. two-month C. two-weeks D. two-months

17. My brother is always careless. He always makes ____

A. mistakes B. mistake C. mistook D. some mistake

18. Mr. Green is nearly ______.

A. two metres high B. two metres tall C. high two metres D. tall two metres

19. Mr. Smith is an ______.

A. English B. English man C. Englishman D. Englishmen

20. A group of ______ are talking with two ______.

A. Frenchmen; Germans B .Frenchmen; Germen

C. German; Frenchmen D Germans; Frenchmans

【代詞】

單項(xiàng)選擇

1. ______ the twins enjoyed ______ at the party yesterday.

A. Both; them B. Both; themselves C. Neither; them D. All; themselves

2. —Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a cup of tea?

—______, thanks. I'd like just a cup of water.

A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None

3. —Would you like ______ milk in your tea?

—Yes, just ______.

A. any; little B. some; a little C. much; a few D. a little; some

4. There is______ to do this evening.

A. much nothing B. many nothing C. nothing much D. nothing many

5. The two friends were so pleased to see each other that they forget ______.

A. anything else B. something else C. nothing else D. everything else

6. —Is this your shoe?

—Yes, it is. But where is______?

A. the others B. another C. other one D. the other one

7. What I want to say is ______English is a very useful language.

A. it B. this C. that D. those

8. They have an English lesson ______ day, Monday, Wednesday and Friday.

A. each other B. every other C. some others D. another more

9. We found______ very important to learn a foreign language well.

A. this B. that C. it D. it's

10. —______ is Lily like?

—Oh, she's tall and thin.

A. How B. Who C. Which D. What

11. —Would you like milk or orange?

—_______ I prefer water.

A. Each B. Neither C. Either D. Both

12 .—Oh, there is someone in the room.

—______ must be my mother.

A. There B. She C. This D. It

13. Betty and John have come back, but _______ students in the class aren't here yet.

A. the other B. others C. another D. the others

14. ______ of us has read the story.

A. Some B. Both C. All D. None

15. —Which of her parents is a doctor?

—________.

A. Any B. Either C. Both D. All

16. I have bought a new watch because my old ______ doesn't work.

A. it B. one C. that D. this

17. —Is this dictionary _______ or _______?

—It's mine.

A. your; hers B. your; her C. your; her D. yours; hers

18. There is ______ water in my glass. Will you please give me ______.

A. little; some B. few; any C. few; some D. little; any

19. —______pencil-box is this, Patrick?

—It’s ______

A. Whose; mine B. Who’s; mine C. Whose; my D. Who’s; my

20. —The pen is _______. She wrote _______ name with it _______.

A. hers; her; herself B. her; hers; her

C. her; hers; herself D. her; herself; hers

【冠詞】

用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空,不需要冠詞的空白處填“×”

1. Tomorrow is ______ Teachers' Day and we'll make ______ card for our English teacher.

2. The bus is running about seventy miles_____ hour.

3. Mary is interested in ______ science.

4. Some people don't like to talk at ______ table.

5. Last night I went to______ bed very late.

6. Don't worry. We still have ______ little time left.

7. What ______ beautiful day! And what ______ fine weather!

8. In ______ winter it is cold in ______ Beijing and warm in ________Shanghai.

9. John is______ cleverest boy in his class.

10. We can't live without ______ water or ______ air.

11. Tomorrow Mr. Smith will leave Paris, ______capital of______ France, for Washington by______ air.

12. We were having______ lunch when they came in.

13. This is ______ book you gave me last week.

14. What did you do ______ last Saturday?

15. March 8 is ______ Women's Day.

16. If ______ weather is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park.

17. I prefer playing ______ piano to playing ______ basketball.

18. At ______ age of five, he read a lot of books.

19. Tom and Lucy are of ______ same age.

20. ______ harder we study, ______ more we learn.

【數(shù)詞】

選擇填空

l. September is the ________ month of the year.

A. eighth B. ninth C. tenth D. eleventh

2. The People's Republic of China was founded ________

A. on October the first, 1949 B. in October the first ,1949

C. on October one, 1949 D. on October first one, 1949

3. There are ________ days in a year.

A. three hundreds and sixty-five B. three hundreds and fifty-six

C. three hundreds of sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty-five

4. There are ________ days in February.

A. thirty B. thirty-one C. twenty-eight D. twenty-six

5. The film begins at 4:15. The right answer of “4:15” is _______

A. four fifth B. fifteen four C. four fifteen D. a quarter to four

6. ________is seventy seven.

A. forty and four B. thirty-seven and forty

C. forty or thirty-seven D. seventy of seven

7. What row are you in? I am in ________.

A. Row One B. Row First C. Row one D. One Row

8. How many months are there in a year? There are _______

A. eleven B. twelve C. twenty D. twelfth

9. At the age of ________, he was a worker.

A. twenty B. the twenty C. twentieth D. one

10. The Changjiang River is ________ longest river in China.

A. the first B. the second C. the third D. the fourth

【形容詞、副詞】

根據(jù)A句完成B句,使兩句句意一致。

1. A: Their football team is much stronger than the other two.

B: Their football team is ______ ______ of the _____.

2. A: I prefer science to any other subject.

B: I like science _____ _____ any other subject.

3. A: Jane went shopping yesterday, and I went shopping, too.

B: Jane went shopping yesterday and ______ _____ I.

4. A: This room is not big. It can't hold a lot of people.

B: This room is not big_____ ______ hold so many people.

5. A: That machine doesn't work.

B: There is______ ______ with that machine.

6. A: The snow was very heavy last night.

B: It _____ ______ last night.

7. A: His uncle no longer works here.

B: His uncle _____work here ______ longer.

8. A: This is the most important thing at this moment.

B: This thing is _____ important than anything ______ at this moment.

9. A: He was so angry that he couldn't .say a word.

B: He was ______ angry _______ say a word.

10. A: Zhang Tao speaks English better than any other student in his class.

B: ______ speaks English so _____ as Zhang Tao.

【介詞】

用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空

1. You'd better not go ______ the forest. It's dangerous.

2. Which room are you going to live ______?

3. The building is ______ fire. There're some people ______ the top floor.

4. Before 1990 there was no airline ______ the two cities.

5. It's not good to come late ______ school.

6. What's wrong ______ your bike?

7. Thank you very much ______ coming to see me.

8. I couldn't finish it ______ your help.

9. Don't laugh ______ others’ mistakes.

10. Do the twins look ______ their father?

11. —How do you usually come to school, every day?

—Sometimes ______ bike, sometimes ______ foot.

12. It's very kind ______ you to help me ______ my maths.

13. Don't read ______ the sun. It's bad ______ your eyes.

14. The teacher told us the moon travels ______ the earth.

15. You must learn these words ______ heart, and answer my question______ English.

16. Please meet your uncle ______ noon ______ Saturday.

17. Thanks ______ your help, I finished the work before dark.

18. It's cold and the temperature is ______ zero during the night.

19. The teacher is writing ______ red ink ______ a piece of paper.

20. The children are waiting ______ the gate ______ their mother.

名詞答案:1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. A

代詞答案:1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.B 8.B 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. D 13.A 14.D 15.C 16.B 17. D 18.A 19.A 20.A

冠詞答案:1. ×; a 2.an 3. × 4. × 5. × 6. a 7.a; × 8. ×; ×; × 9.the 10.×; × 11. the; ×; × 12. × 13.the 14.× 15. × 16.the 17.the; × 18.the 19.the 20. The; the

數(shù)詞答案: 1-5 B A D C C 6-10 B A B A A

形容詞、副詞答案:1.the strongest; three 2.better; than 3.so did 4.enough to 5.something wrong 6.snowed heavily 7.doesn't; any 8.more; else 9.too; to 10.Nobody; well

介詞答案:1.through 2.in 3.on, on 4.between 5.to 6.with 7.for 8.without 9.at 10.like 11.by; on 12.of; with 13.in; for 14.around/ round 15.by; in 16.at; on 17.to 18.below 19.in; on 20.at; for

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