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考研英語長難句中的名詞性從句
名詞性從句即咱們經(jīng)常用到的賓語從句,表語從句,主語從句和同位語從句。在考研英語中不是難點(diǎn),卻是高頻語法之一,所以也需要引起我們的足夠重視。主語從句:
1. That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.(2006-3-2)
總所周知,海洋正在被人們過度捕撈。
上面這個(gè)例子是相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單的主語從句,在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,主語從句通常以it做形式主語,而把真正的主語置后,請(qǐng)看下面的句子:
2. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. (2004-2-2)
解析:It has long been known that…是一個(gè)固定句式,他的意思是“長久以來人們都知道…”其中it是形式主語,真正的主語是that從句;從句本身又是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,開始是主句 a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars ,其中分詞結(jié)構(gòu)called AAA cars 是后置定語,修飾firm,后面的when 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。英語中為了避免頭重腳輕,通常把較長的主語放在句子后面,而以放在句首的形式主語it代替它。翻譯為:“人們?cè)缫阎涝诳蛻舴嗠娫挷緯r(shí),名叫AAAA的出租汽車公司要比Zodiac出租汽車公司有很大的優(yōu)越性。”
賓語從句:
1. Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure?(2005-2-1)
解析:這個(gè)句子主句是Do you remember all those years,when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中又有兩個(gè)賓語從句。翻譯為:“還記得科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為吸煙會(huì)致人死亡,而那些懷疑者們卻堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為我們無法對(duì)此得出定論的時(shí)候嗎?”
同位語從句:
1. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.(2005-1-1)
解析:主句為Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,”逗號(hào)之后的介詞短語with the underlying assumption…作伴隨狀語,assumption后免得that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語從句,解釋前面的名詞assumption。翻譯為:“這種行為被看作是“人之長情”,其潛在的假定其他動(dòng)物不可能具有如此高度發(fā)達(dá)的不公平意識(shí)!
一般的同位語從句都由that引導(dǎo),而且緊跟在解釋的名詞后面,但有時(shí),也會(huì)為了避免頭重腳輕,放在其他位置,這就需要考生的注意了。
2. Concerns were raised ______ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.
[A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that
解析:這個(gè)題選D。因?yàn)榭蘸竺娴木渥硬蝗背煞,其他連詞在句中都做成分,而that不做成分!叭藗?nèi)找鎿?dān)心,證人可能會(huì)因此而受到鼓勵(lì),在法庭上夸大事實(shí)以保證陪審團(tuán)對(duì)被告做出有罪的判決!
表語從句在考研試題中出現(xiàn)的比較少,也比較簡(jiǎn)單,只要記住什么是系動(dòng)詞就可以,故不細(xì)說。
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