西方法治產(chǎn)生的深層歷史根源、當(dāng)代挑戰(zhàn)及其啟示-對(duì)國(guó)家與市民社會(huì)關(guān)系視角的重新審視
「內(nèi)容提要」西方法治產(chǎn)生的深層根源在于其國(guó)家與市民社會(huì)的分離和互動(dòng)發(fā)展，即在國(guó)家重建和市民 社會(huì)自由化運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中，權(quán)力和權(quán)利的界分與沖突導(dǎo)致了法律秩序的生成，而市民社會(huì)精神 的張揚(yáng)則推動(dòng)了法律形式化運(yùn)動(dòng)。在走向現(xiàn)代法治的進(jìn)程中，由于國(guó)家和市民社會(huì)關(guān)系的潛 在差異，出現(xiàn)了“社會(huì)優(yōu)位型”和“國(guó)家優(yōu)位型”兩種法治模式，但隨著全球化進(jìn)程的加快 與“國(guó)家社會(huì)化”和“社會(huì)國(guó)家化”的新變化，西方法治也由分殊走向了趨同，并出現(xiàn)了法 律傳統(tǒng)的危機(jī)和超越傾向。中國(guó)要走向法治，就必須重構(gòu)國(guó)家和社會(huì)關(guān)系，確立多元社會(huì)權(quán) 利基礎(chǔ)、公權(quán)力權(quán)威和良法之治，并實(shí)現(xiàn)依法治國(guó)與市民社會(huì)理性規(guī)則秩序的回應(yīng)與契合。
「摘 要 題」法治講臺(tái)
「英文摘要」The deep source of western rule by law lies in the separation of country with demagogic society and interactive development，that is in the course of country r e -construction and demagogic social independence movement，the demarcation and con flict of power with right give rise to the production of legal order，but the adv ocating of townspeople social spirit promotes the legal formalization movement.I n the course of pursuit of the modern rule by law，two kinds of rule by law mode s appeared due to the potential disparity of social relation between country&nbs p；and townspeople.But with the speeding up of globalization progress，the western rule by law has changed from disparity to commonness and the crisis of legal traditi on and overstep inclination appear.If China wants to step into rule by law，it is necessary to re-construct the relation between country and society，establish th e power basis of pluralistic society，and realize the integration of rule by law and demagogic society rational rule order.
「關(guān) 鍵 詞」國(guó)家/市民社會(huì)/法治/Country/Demagogic Society/Rule by Law
「正 文」
法治是近代西方的產(chǎn)物，但同時(shí)它也是全人類的文明成就。關(guān)注并探尋西方法治產(chǎn)生的深 層歷史根源及其發(fā)展變化和面臨的時(shí)代挑戰(zhàn)，對(duì)推進(jìn)中國(guó)法治進(jìn)程具有重大意義。
一、國(guó)家與市民社會(huì)的分離和互動(dòng)發(fā)展：西方法治產(chǎn)生的深層歷史根源
在西方法律史家那里，無(wú)論是注重教皇革命的力量，還是注重資產(chǎn)階級(jí)興起的作用，亦或 是強(qiáng)調(diào)多元集團(tuán)與自然法的結(jié)合，都不得不以西歐11世紀(jì)史實(shí)為起點(diǎn)，至少也要追溯中世紀(jì) 西歐歷史的多元性。[10][16][11]這表明，近代法治的歷史根源在于中世紀(jì)西歐的“獨(dú)特性 ”。
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