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英語條件從句的幾種特殊表達(dá)法
(寧縣早勝中學(xué) 李俊義)
虛擬語氣是高中英語教學(xué)中的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),又是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。在虛擬語氣的句子中,條件從句的表示方法較多 ,通常用if來引導(dǎo),如If Iwere you,I would study much harder,在有些情況下,條件從句也可用其他方法 來表示。下面談幾種條件從句的特殊表達(dá)法。
一、混合虛擬條件句
如果條件從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生,主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù)各自所表示的 時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。這種句子叫做混合虛擬條件句。如:
If he had followed my advice,he would be quite all rightnow.(從句述說過去,主句述說現(xiàn)在)
If China had not been liberated,the working people wouldstill be leading a miserable life.( 從句表示與過去的事實(shí)相反,主句說明與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反)
二、省略if的倒裝條件句
如果條件從句的謂語動(dòng)詞包含有were或助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞had,should,could,有時(shí)可將連詞if省去,而將 條件從句的主語置于were,had,should,could之后。這種用法主要用于書面語,如:
Were I(=If I were)in your place,I wouldn't give it up soearly.
Had I(=if I had)known,I might have joined you in thediscussion.
Should you(=If you should)be interested,I have a book onthe subject you might like.
三、省略主句,只保留if(only)的條件句
虛擬條件句中的表示結(jié)果的主句有時(shí)形式上可以省略,但意義仍然存在。這種句子只保留一個(gè)if(only)條 件從句,表達(dá)說話人的強(qiáng)烈愿望。如:If(only)she were my sister!她是我的妹妹就好了!
四、含蓄虛擬條件句
有時(shí)虛擬條件句不用條件從句,而是通過上下文或用介詞短語等表示出來。這種句子叫做含蓄虛擬條件句 。下面列舉幾種。
1.在主語詞組中表示含蓄條件
(1)主語是動(dòng)詞不定式短語,表示含蓄條件。
It would be good to leave the matter in his charge.如果把這件事讓他負(fù)責(zé)就好了。
該句可改寫成:It would be good if we could leave thematter in his charge.
(2)主語是動(dòng)名詞短語表示含蓄條件。
Doing the work in that way would have cost much more timeand money.如果用那種方法做這項(xiàng)工作就 會(huì)耗費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間和金錢。
該句可改寫為:If we had done the wo
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