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職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級語法考點(diǎn)大全
一、名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單復(fù)數(shù)的一致問題：
1.謂語和謂語基本保持單復(fù)數(shù)的一致，即：主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(計(jì)算機(jī)是個了不起的發(fā)明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)
2.集體名詞(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等)做句子主語時，
① 如果表示整體概念，則謂語用單數(shù)形式，如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)
�、� 如果表示其中的所有成員時，則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：Class Three have a map of China.(三 班有張中國地圖)
3.Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示單個時謂語用單數(shù)，表示許多時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只綿羊)/ There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些綿羊)
4.maths,news等雖然有s結(jié)尾，但不是復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語仍用單數(shù)：The news is very exciting.(這個消息令人興奮)
5.glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜，我想買)
6.a lot of 后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式，跟不可數(shù)名詞時謂語用單數(shù)形式。如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.(現(xiàn)在有許多學(xué)生在打壘球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的時間花在了那個工作上)(被動句)
7.and 連接兩個名詞做主語時，謂語原則上用復(fù)數(shù)，但是兩個名詞若構(gòu)成一個整體事物時，謂語則用單數(shù)。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果)/ Fish and chips is very famous food.(魚和薯?xiàng)l是一種出名的食品)
8. there be 句型中be的單復(fù)數(shù)一般由靠近的名詞決定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子)
9.用both…and…連接兩個事物做主語時，謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來)
10.主語中含有with的短語時，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)由with之前的人物決定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road.(一名婦女帶著一個七歲的孩子(當(dāng)時)就站在路邊)
11.either…or…或者 neither…nor…連接兩個人物做句子主語時，謂語采用就近原則。如：Either you or he is right.(要么是你對，要么是他對。/你和他有一個人是對的)/ Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)
12.表示一段時間或長度概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時，謂語一般用單數(shù)。如：Two months is not a short time.(兩個月不是個短時間)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距離)(兩千千米是相當(dāng)長的一段距離)
13.主語中含有half of…/(three quarters)of…/ all(of) the …。等詞語時，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞確定，如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特網(wǎng)上四分之三以上的信息是用英語寫的)/ A third of the students were playing near the lake.(學(xué)生的三分之一(當(dāng)時)正在湖邊玩耍)/ All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些河流中的水已經(jīng)被污染了)(被動句)
但是，population一詞又有特殊情況： What’s the population of China?(中國人口是多少?)(句子用單數(shù))/ Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人)(這個城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用復(fù)數(shù))
二、部分名詞用法辨析：
1.sport、game、match、race 的區(qū)別：sport通常指“戶外運(yùn)動”，以鍛煉為主，概念較大;game意思是“運(yùn)動、比賽”，不管戶內(nèi)戶外還是腦力體力，指以勝負(fù)為主的運(yùn)動;match意為“競賽、比賽”，多指正式比賽;race主要表示“賽跑、賽馬、賽車”。如：People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜愛運(yùn)動)/ The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奧運(yùn)會將在北京舉行)(被動句)/ Our school football team won the league match(聯(lián)賽)(我們學(xué)校足球隊(duì)取得了聯(lián)賽冠軍)/ They were strong and won the boat race.(湯他們很棒，贏得了劃艇比賽)
2.festival、holiday、vacation的區(qū)別：festival“節(jié)日”,指喜慶的日子或持續(xù)一段時間的文娛活動;holiday(假日、休息日)，指法定假日或風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，復(fù)數(shù)可以表示一個較長的假期;vacation“假期”，指學(xué)習(xí)或工作中一段長時間的休息。如：The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海電視節(jié)將在下個月舉行)/ Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是個假日，多數(shù)人不工作)/ What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什么事情?)
3.journey、tour、trip、travel的區(qū)別：journey指在陸地上(或海上或空中)進(jìn)行的長途旅行，不知終點(diǎn)，含有辛苦的意思;tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行，強(qiáng)調(diào)游覽多處，常用來指觀光等;trip通常指往返定時的短途旅行，如出差度假等;travel多指長期或長途的觀光旅行，尤其指到國外，沒有明確目的地，也作不可數(shù)名詞，指旅行這一行為。如：He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行觀光去了)/ He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好幾次)/ Did you go to Santiago(圣地亞哥) during your travels?(旅行期間你去圣地亞哥了嗎?)/ Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里邊穿行是很危險的)
4.sound、noise、voice的區(qū)別：sound指各種聲音;noise主要指“噪音”;voice指人的“嗓音”。如：The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧囂聲讓我徹夜難眠)/ All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然間傳來幾聲槍響和一聲尖叫)/ The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因?yàn)楦忻暗木壒剩@個歌唱家失去了她銀鈴般的嗓音)
5.fish的問題：指許多條魚且不管種類時，用fish，單復(fù)數(shù)相同;fishes 指許多種類的魚;fish指“魚肉”時是不可數(shù)名詞。如：There are many kinds of fishes in the pool.(池子里有很多種類的魚)/ I prefer fish to meat.(與肉相比我更喜歡魚)
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