在四六級(jí)考試過(guò)程中，由于心情和時(shí)間的雙重緊張，面對(duì)寫作，同學(xué)們很容易會(huì)提筆忘詞，本來(lái)很好的構(gòu)思往往被一個(gè)想不起來(lái)的單詞硬生生地破壞了。那么，我們應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)這種情況使我們的寫作思路如行云流水一般順暢呢?下面介紹三種簡(jiǎn)單易行的應(yīng)急措施，也許會(huì)對(duì)你有所幫助。
一、換用同義詞、反義詞等相關(guān)詞匯
遇到未曾學(xué)過(guò)的詞或一時(shí)想不起的詞時(shí)，可運(yùn)用發(fā)散思維，發(fā)揮想象力，盡可能想出與之有關(guān)的同義詞、反義詞，利用語(yǔ)言的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，多層次、多角度地運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言，解決單詞受阻難題。
例：湯姆昨晚做了一場(chǎng)惡夢(mèng)。
Tom had a nightmare last night.因nightmare使用率不高，不易記住。但其同義詞bad dream易記。上句可換譯為：Tom had a bad dream last night.
再如：The soup is tasty. = The soup is nice to drink. = The food is delicious.
He discontinued the work at ten o’clock. = He stopped the work at ten o’clock.
His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper.
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中詞與詞之間是有聯(lián)系的，詞與詞之間存在語(yǔ)義的“共核”現(xiàn)象即所謂的同義詞現(xiàn)象。豐富的同義詞給我們提供了極大的方便。
同樣，用某詞的反義詞來(lái)進(jìn)行替換也是可行的，請(qǐng)看下面的例子：
He is stubborn. = He is not tame.
The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp.
This is expensive. = This is not cheap.
Mary is talkative. = Mary is never quiet.
二、換用籠統(tǒng)詞
總體而言，單詞可分為兩類：籠統(tǒng)詞和具體詞。籠統(tǒng)詞的特點(diǎn)在于意義寬泛、搭配性強(qiáng)。雖然它們獨(dú)自不能精確表達(dá)一個(gè)含義，但在構(gòu)成詞組以后可替代很多具體詞。寫作中遇到一些具體詞寫不出來(lái)的時(shí)候，用籠統(tǒng)詞取代，能達(dá)到異曲同工之妙。最常用的籠統(tǒng)詞有 have，make, take等。
例：拜恩經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)極其艱苦的時(shí)代。
Bain experienced a terrible hard time. 寫作時(shí)，若忘記了experience可用籠統(tǒng)詞have代替，寫成Bain had a terrible hard time. 同樣能收到預(yù)期效果。類似的例子還很多。如：
Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir?
My father will preside over the meeting. = My father will take the meeting.
I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.
The enemy occupied the city. = The enemy took the city.
The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father.
從以上的例句不難看出，具體詞音節(jié)較多，使用頻率不高，容易遺忘，而籠統(tǒng)詞則不然。因此，在考場(chǎng)作文寫作中，籠統(tǒng)詞取代具體詞，不失為一種應(yīng)急良策。
三、換用迂回表達(dá)
當(dāng)一個(gè)詞或某些信息表達(dá)起來(lái)有困難時(shí)，要充分利用語(yǔ)言本身詞意豐富、句型多變等特點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行迂回表達(dá)。因?yàn)槿魏我环N表達(dá)形式，只要能達(dá)意便可接受。英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中多功能解釋性語(yǔ)句，就可以起到這一作用。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
例：
1. 我從未見到過(guò)這樣頑固的人。
I’ve never seen such a stubborn person. = I’ve never seen such a person who never listens to other’s advice.
2. 如果我們想得到文憑，我們必須首先通過(guò)考試。
If we want to obtain a diploma，we must first pass the exams. = If we want to get a graduation paper，we must first pass the exams.
3. 工廠里的煙囪(chimney)拔地而起。
High chimneys have appeared in the factories. = The factories are full of high chimneys. = A lot of high chimneys can be seen in the factories.
4. 他考試取得了優(yōu)異成績(jī)，被大學(xué)錄取了。
He passed the exam /succeeded in the exam and became a college student.
5. 中午我們吃了野餐。
At noon we had a picnic. = At noon we had our lunch in the open air.
解釋性語(yǔ)句能幫助我們巧妙地避開一些大詞、難詞，又能使意思表達(dá)流暢，不失為一聰明之舉。
四、六級(jí)作文只要層次清晰，語(yǔ)法正確就能拿到較好的分?jǐn)?shù)。所以同學(xué)們?nèi)绻^(guò)于糾結(jié)于用一些自己難于掌握的大詞和難詞，往往花了時(shí)間，還得不到應(yīng)有的效果。我們應(yīng)該靈活地使用一些簡(jiǎn)單易掌握的表達(dá)方式傳達(dá)我們豐富多彩的內(nèi)容，以便最大限度地發(fā)揮我們的英語(yǔ)水平。愿廣大考生放送心態(tài)，掌握技巧，穩(wěn)拿寫作高分!
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