It作形式賓語(yǔ)

It作形式賓語(yǔ)

代替不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)、或從句

He found it difficult to stop smoking

I think it best that you should do more exercise.

She thought it no good worrying about him

1.It 用作形式賓語(yǔ)

當(dāng)不定式（短語(yǔ)）、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或從句在句子中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持平衡，避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)的混亂，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起引導(dǎo)作用，無(wú)意義。

形式賓語(yǔ)

… …

find possible

1. S+ think + it + necessary +( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause.

feel important

a rule

2. S+ V + it + one’s duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause

an honour

…

3. S + V + it + no good + doing sth。

no use

完成句子

1） They ________________（發(fā)覺(jué)……難） to finish their work in two days.

（2） We ________________（認(rèn)為……是我們的職責(zé)） to clean our classroom every day.

（3） It is important _______（對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)） to come to the party.

作形式賓語(yǔ)( Preparatory Subject )

為了記憶方便我們把該句型總結(jié)為"6123結(jié)構(gòu)"。

6指主句中常用的動(dòng)詞：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；

1指的是形式賓語(yǔ)it；

2指的是賓補(bǔ)的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞；

3指的是真正賓語(yǔ)的三種形式：不定式短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句。 1.The fact that she was foreign made ____difficult for her to get a job in that country .(2010.遼寧）

A. So B. much C. that D. it

2. The doctor thought ____would be good for to have a holiday .（2010.全國(guó)II)

A. this B .that C . one D . It

3. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.. (MET90)

A. this B. that C. its D. it

4.It 作形式賓語(yǔ)的`特殊用法

1>. 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)”的動(dòng)詞，如like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike, appreciate

等 后往往不能直接接賓語(yǔ)從句；必須先由it擔(dān)任形式賓語(yǔ),再接從句.

We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favour.

要是你們能幫我們這個(gè)忙，我們將非常感激。

I'd prefer it if I didn't have to finish the work.

要是我不必完成那項(xiàng)工作，那就太好了。

2>.某些含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)如see to, depend on, answer for, rely on, insist on, look

to, stick to 等結(jié)構(gòu)中往往不能直接接賓語(yǔ)從句；必須先由it擔(dān)任形式賓語(yǔ),再接從句. I'll see to it that everything is ready in time.

我將負(fù)責(zé)按時(shí)做好一切準(zhǔn)備。

You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.(你放心，湯姆會(huì)幫助你學(xué)英語(yǔ)的。)

I’m counting on it that you will come. 我指望著你會(huì)來(lái)。

1. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (MET2004)

A. this B. that C. it D. one

2. I hate __when people talk with their mouths full. (MET98)

A. it B. that C. these D. them

It 作形式主語(yǔ)

代替不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)、或從句。

It is amazing that at my age I am still fit .

It is easy to become addicted to smoking .

it is no good crying over spilt milk. (覆水難收)

2. It 用作形式主語(yǔ)

當(dāng)不定式（短語(yǔ)）、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或從句在某個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語(yǔ)置于句首，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無(wú)詞義。

1. It+ be +adj.+主語(yǔ)從句

這是主語(yǔ)從句最常見(jiàn)的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。

It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.

注意：如若形容詞為 important / necessary， good/wrong natural...表達(dá)一種要求，命令或者責(zé)備時(shí)，多使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should +V).但是如果只是表示陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)而不是強(qiáng)烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陳述語(yǔ)氣。 不過(guò)考試建議你還是多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

It is important that we (should) learn English well.

It is necessary that he (should) remember these words

2. It + be + 過(guò)去分詞 + 主語(yǔ)從句，

這類過(guò)去分詞有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等， 如：

It is reported that 16 people w第一文庫(kù)網(wǎng)ere killed in the earthquake.

It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.

It is said that he has come to Beijing.

注意：如果主句中的過(guò)去分詞是表示請(qǐng)求，建議，命令等詞如：suggested/ ordered / demanded /insisted / commanded... 等時(shí) that 后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should 可以�。�

常譯為，“據(jù)建議；有命令．．．）

It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.

It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.

3. It + be + 名詞詞組 + 主語(yǔ)從句

這類名詞有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour，a question等，如：

It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.

It remains a question whether he will come or not.

注意：如若表示出乎意料之意時(shí),從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣常譯為“竟然”。沒(méi)有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class

4. It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)從句

這類不及物動(dòng)詞有：appear,seem happen，matter等。譯為好像……/碰巧……/如：

? It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth.

? It happened that I was out when he called.

5. It + be + 形容詞 + （for sb.）+ 動(dòng)詞不定式

這類句型常用形容詞easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise等作表語(yǔ)，有時(shí)候?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，常在不定式前加for sb，譯為“對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事怎么樣”如： It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign language.

It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.

6. It + be + 形容詞 + of sb. + 動(dòng)詞不定式

如：kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。某人和這些形容詞可以構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

? It’s very kind of you to help me with the work.

=You are kind to help me.

? It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others.

=He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others.

7. It + be +名詞詞組 + 動(dòng)詞不定式，如：

It is not a good habit to stay up too late.

8. It + be + 名詞或形容詞 + 動(dòng)名詞，

這類名詞和形容詞常常是：good, no good, no use, a waste of…, useless, senseless等，如： It’s a waste of time talking to her any more.

It is no use arguing about the matter with him.

9. It + take ( sb. )+ 時(shí)間（金錢）+ 動(dòng)詞不定式，譯為，做某事花了某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間或多少錢。如：

It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.

It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.

實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)

1. In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (2001 上海)

A. this B. that C. there D. it

a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)

A. There B. This C. That D. It

3. Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? (MET88)

A. everyone B. this C. her D. it

4. _____ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd.

A. It B. I C. We D. They

5. It is no use his _________ there, the situation is hopeless now.

A. to go B. to be going C. going D. having gone

6. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET89)

A. this B. that C. it D. he

7. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time? (MET91)

A. this B. that C. he D. it

8、(2006,全國(guó)Ⅱ) It is no __ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.

A. use B. help C. time D. way

9.(2004,北京) The Foreign Minister said, “__ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.

A、This is B、There is

C、That is D、It is

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